In this guide, we’re going to discuss what you need to do to learn Ruby on Rails. We will talk about the basics of Ruby on Rails, what jobs you can get with this skill, and what resources you can use to learn this framework.

What Is Ruby on Rails?

Ruby on Rails (RoR) is a backend web development framework written in the Ruby programming language. This framework follows the model-view-controller architecture and can be used to interface with databases and serve webpages. Ruby on Rails was initially released in August of 2004 by David Heinemeier Hansson.

RoR has become popular because it is efficient for creating backend web architectures. Due to the architecture of Ruby itself, and the design of RoR, you can do more with less code using this framework. In addition, RoR is well documented so there are a lot of examples of how to make the best use of the language.

Jobs that Require Ruby on Rails Skills

The job that requires Ruby on Rails skills the most is backend developer. Many companies looking for backend developers ask for experience specifically with Ruby on Rails. However, not all backend developer positions require Ruby on Rails experience.

You will also use a lot of Ruby on Rails if you join a team as a full stack developer, a position that tackles both the front and backends of a website. This assumes, of course, you join a team that works with Ruby on Rails.

What Companies Use Ruby on Rails?

Are there any examples of companies that actively use Ruby on Rails? Yes, there are plenty. Ruby on Rails has been around for a long time. In the time since the release of RoR, many companies have adopted this framework on their technology stacks.

Here are a few companies that use RoR:

• Dribbble
• Airbnb
• Bloomberg
• GitHub
• Hulu
• Twitter
• SoundCloud
• Kickstarter
• GoodReads

These are only a few names that use Ruby on Rails. Many more companies, large and small, use this technology because it is powerful and has a logical architecture. From the list above, you can see that Ruby on Rails is used by many prestigious names, from book-reviewing sites (GoodReads) and finance companies (Bloomberg) to networking platforms (Dribble).

Salary for Ruby on Rails Developers

According to Glassdoor, the average salary for a Ruby on Rails developer is $75,526 per year. Senior Ruby on Rails developers earn an average of $87,712, which shows that there are clear opportunities for salary increases as you develop more experience building RoR apps. These salaries are commensurate with those offered by a lot of web development jobs.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Ruby on Rails?

To learn Ruby on Rails, you must have a working knowledge of Ruby. RoR is based on the Ruby programming language, after all. If you do not learn Ruby first, you will probably get confused at many points in your journey learning RoR. You may also come to associate with RoR concepts that are actually part of the Ruby language, not the framework.

You will also need a working knowledge of HTML and CSS. Ideally, you will also know JavaScript. You will use these technologies to build the front end of the websites you develop on RoR.

Good knowledge of the model-view-controller architecture is helpful because this is the structure upon which RoR was designed. However, you can learn this architecture when you start researching RoR; the model-view-controller architecture is mentioned a lot in RoR tutorials and courses. 

Where to Learn Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails is a well-documented framework and has a strong community of developers who have produced their own content on RoR.

As a result, you have plenty of resources you can choose to learn. Because it can take a while to find a resource that is right for you, we have prepared a list of some of the top RoR learning resources out there:

Ruby on Rails Tutorial Book

• Author: Michael Harti
• Price: $39 (with free chapters)
• Type of Resource: eBook

The Ruby on Rails Tutorial is an ebook that covers most of what you need to know about the Ruby on Rails framework, from setting up an example app to building dynamic pages. Each tutorial has a conversational tone and comes with code snippets that are explained in depth. These two features make it easy to follow along with what the author is saying in each tutorial.

Most of the tutorials in this book can only be accessed after paying for the ebook.

 Learn Ruby on Rails for Beginners

• Author: Go Rails
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will get you up and running with RoR by walking you through the development of a web application. The tutorial starts at the beginning with a guide on installing RoR and setting up your application. Then, you will learn more theory that is grounded in the examples that accompany each tutorial.

Tutorials range from using routes to the link_to method to creating a User model to store data in your application. Each tutorial is only a few minutes long so you can quickly start practicing a topic after watching the video.

Learn Ruby on Rails

• Author: Codecademy Pro
• Price: Pro membership ($19.99/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

Codecademy’s Learn Ruby on Rails course is a good way to get started with RoR. You will start by learning how to set up an application from scratch. You will then move on to adding a database to your project. Later, you will learn about the ways in which you can build relationships between models in your applications.

This course features three portfolio projects on which you can work to practice your skills. For example, you will create a website for a static landing page.

Code School: Rails for Zombies

• Author: Gregg Pollack (on Pluralsight)
• Price: Pluralsight membership ($29/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will teach you how to build a web application with Ruby on Rails. You will start by learning how to set up an application and create a database. You will then learn about models, views, and controllers, with reference to how they are implemented in an application. By the end of the course, you should have a good understanding of how to use RoR.

Agile Web Development with Rails 6

• Author: Sam Ruby, David Bryand Copeland, and Dave Thomas
• Price: $29.95
• Type of Resource: ebook

According to the authors, this book will help you learn RoR the way the core team intended. You will start by installing Rails and slowly work your way through the theory of RoR apps and building an application. Later in the book, you will be tasked with creating an application step-by-step over the course of several sections.

Learn Ruby on Rails – Full Course

• Author: Codemy.com
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

Taught by freeCodeCamp, this video walks you through the basics of using Ruby on Rails. You will start by installing Rails and learning a bit about the framework. You will go on to build your first webpage and learn about the model-view-controller architecture.

Later in the application, you will learn how to style the application you have built, use Active Record, and more. You will find all of the source code for this course in a dedicated GitHub repository that you can refer to throughout your learning.

Ruby on Rails Tutorials

There are many tutorials that teach Ruby on Rails. These tutorials are ideal if you prefer to learn from articles rather than videos or like to supplement your learning with written content. Below we have curated some top Ruby on Rails tutorials for you to take a look at.

Ruby on Rails Guides

The Ruby on Rails Guides website is a repository of tutorials that will help you get started with various Ruby on Rails features. The first guide tackles getting started with Rails. Later guides talk about using Active Record, views, and more advanced topics.

Each guide features extensive descriptions and code snippets that you can use to inform your own work. Guides are produced in accordance with a strict contributing guide so you can be assured the material you read has been well thought out and tested.

The Odin Project Ruby on Rails

The Odin Project has a dedicated section on their website to Ruby on Rails tutorials. The Ruby on Rails tutorial directory is split up into sections like “Rails Basics” and “Active Record Basics”, each of which features a set of tutorials and projects to reinforce your skills.

The tutorials on The Odin Project do not stop at beginner concepts: later you will find guides on advanced forms, APIs, mailers, and more. The tutorials on this site contain detailed explanations of each programming concept as well as code snippets.

A Guide to Learning Ruby on Rails Basics

What topics do beginners to Ruby on Rails need to know? This is an important question to answer because starting at the wrong place can make it more difficult for you to advance your knowledge of RoR. Below we have listed some of the key topics you will need to learn about at the start of your RoR learning journey.

• Architecture: What is Ruby on Rails? Why is the framework used? What architecture is RoR based on? These are all questions you should be able to answer before you start coding with Ruby on Rails.
• Starting a Project: You should learn how to initialize a new project with Ruby on Rails and create a webpage using routes and a controller.
• Views and Controllers: Views and controllers are essential components in an RoR app. You should learn how to create, modify, and delete views and controllers.
• Routes: You should feel comfortable creating and managing routes in a web application.
• Active Record: Once you have created your first application, you should familiarize yourself with the Active Record database system. This includes learning about how to create a migration and an association and run a query. Once you have learned these concepts, you should study how to create many-to-many associations in Active Record.
• Forms: RoR forms are usually built upon Active Record. You should learn how to implement forms in your website once you have set up an Active Record database.

The above topics are a taste of what you will need to know as you begin learning RoR. However, the above list is by no means a complete syllabus. There is a lot to learn about RoR; you will discover more topics to study as you keep learning.

How Long Does it Take to Learn Ruby on Rails?

It usually takes around one or two weeks to feel comfortable with the basics of Ruby on Rails and perhaps about a month before you can set up an application without having to refer too much to notes or guides. Expect to spend about two to four months refining your skills. If you want to use Rails in a job, you will probably need to study it for about six months.

Should I Learn Ruby on Rails?

Ruby on Rails is a popular technology for backend web development, used all around the world by companies like Twitter and GitHub. Rails is based on a model-view-controller framework and gives you the features you need to build powerful web applications.

If you want to become a full stack or a backend web developer, Ruby on Rails is a great skill to have. Not all companies use Ruby on Rails but those that do will almost certainly require at least some experience or projects you can show them to prove your knowledge of the framework.

Even companies that do not use Ruby on Rails will see your knowledge of the framework as an indication of your interest in web development, which may take you further in an interview process.

Spend some time pondering whether you see yourself as a backend or full stack web developer, the people who help create the logic behind web apps. If you do see yourself in this position, learning Ruby on Rails may be a good investment of your time.

The post How to Learn Ruby on Rails appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to chat through how you can learn SQL. We will start with the basics: what is SQL and what jobs require SQL? Then, we will move onto where you can go to learn SQL, with reference to books and courses.

What is SQL?

Structured Query Language, or SQL (said as “es-que-el” or “see-quel”), allows you to store information in and access information from a database. SQL allows you to modify individual values in a database or entire rows. You can also remove or add new rows in a database. SQL is an international standard and to this day is one of the fundamental skills for database management.

There are many implementations of SQL. For instance, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, MySQL, and Microsoft Access all implement SQL, too, but each tool has their own features that database administrators can use. Ultimately, however, all of these databases use a very similar syntax for creating, updating, and deleting records because they all follow the SQL standard.

Jobs that Require SQL Skills

SQL is an essential skill in any job that involves manipulating data. For instance, data scientists need to know SQL because a lot of their work involves analyzing data from databases. Below is a list of the main jobs that require SQL skills:

• Back-end web developer
• Full-stack web developer
• Data analyst
• Data scientist
• Data engineer
• Database administrator
• Systems engineer

These are only a few of the many positions that require knowledge of SQL. All of these positions involve working with data in some way, from administering a database to writing queries to manipulate the contents of a database.

What Industries Use SQL?

SQL is used in most industries that need to store data. Even Microsoft Access, which is used often in business settings and is a drag-and-drop tool, is based on SQL. Below are a few examples of industries that use databases:

• Healthcare
• Manufacturing
• Finance and banking
• Construction
• Online media
• E-commerce

Any industry that needs to keep logs of something could make use of databases. For instance, construction companies may use SQL to keep track of employee data, perhaps through a tool like Microsoft Access. Healthcare companies may use databases to keep track of patient records.

People who use technology powered by SQL may not know it because a lot of database tools abstract away from the language because SQL is not intuitive in many cases where someone may want to use a database.

Salary for SQL Developers

People skilled in SQL can demand excellent salaries. According to Glassdoor, the average database administrator, who will most likely work with SQL every day, earns $78,779 per year. The average data analyst, who is also very likely to work with SQL, earns $62,453 per year. As you get more experience working with data, your salary prospects will improve. Some positions that use SQL, like data scientist, have average salaries above $100,000 per year.

What Skills Do I Need to Master SQL

You do not need to have any knowledge of programming to learn SQL. An understanding of a programming language is helpful, but definitely not required. A good knowledge of basic mathematics is also useful as some database calculations can involve math. But, you can pick up most of what you will need to use as you learn more about SQL.

You can learn SQL even with little knowledge about programming or data science so SQL is a good entry way into data careers. Your SQL skills could take you on to a range of careers in data, if you study and work hard.

Where to Learn SQL

Where can you learn about SQL? SQL has been around for decades so it is easy to find SQL learning resources online. We have compiled a list of some of the top SQL learning resources which you can use to start learning SQL.

Learn SQL

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

The Codecademy Learn SQL course, which takes an estimated eight hours to complete, teaches the basics of SQL. You will learn topics such as updating data in a database, using aggregate functions, and performing both simple and more complex queries.

In the Pro version of this course ( $19.99 per month), you will be tasked with working on four interactive projects. These projects, which include creating your own table, will allow you deepen your understanding of the syntax you learn in class.

Intro to SQL: Querying and managing data

• Author: Khan Academy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

The Khan Academy Intro to SQL Course is a great place to start your journey learning SQL. You will start by learning the basics of SQL and then move onto writing more advanced queries using statements like AND, CASE, and HAVING.

This course comes with plenty of challenges which will push your knowledge of SQL and encourage you to write queries for yourself. By the end of completing this course, you will know how to write basic and relational queries and how to modify a database.

Introduction to Databases and SQL

• Author: Raspberry Pi Foundation and Teach Computing (on FutureLearn)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will teach you how to use SQL to search for and manipulate data in a database. This course was written for beginners to databases and goes on over the course of three weeks. You will start by learning what a database is and then discuss how to use SQL. Toward the end of the course, you will explore data analytics, relationships, and adapting databases.

Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)

• Author: University of Michigan (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

In this course, you will learn how to use SQL in the context of web development. You will start by installing PHP and SQL. PHP and SQL are often used together to create web pages capable of storing data. Then, you will learn the basics of SQL and how to design a database.

This course is excellent if you have a basic understanding of PHP and want to learn how to use SQL. In total, this course will take about 16 hours to complete, according to Coursera.

SQL Tutorial – Full Database Course for Beginners

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This tutorial, which lasts four hours, covers the basics of working with SQL. You will start at the very beginning and learn to install MySQL, a database client, on your computer. You will then learn how to create tablets, and insert data into tables.

This video is intense so you may find yourself pausing and coming back to concepts later. But, the instructor is eloquent in their teaching and walks you through how queries are written and how they work.

A Guide to Learning SQL

What do you need to know to become an SQL developer? That is a good question. SQL can get quite complicated but when you learn the basics you will realise that all the more complicated queries are built up with the same building blocks.

To help you master those building blocks, we have prepared a list of some beginner concepts you need to know:

• Syntax. What is a query? What is a statement? How is a query formatted? What is a row and a column? You should be able to answer these questions before you go any further in your learning.
• SELECT. You should learn how to retrieve information from a database using a SELECT statement.
• WHERE and Filtering. You should know how to use a WHERE clause and the filtering methods (operators) to choose what items you want a query to retrieve, change, or delete.
• UPDATE. UPDATE statements let you change the contents of records in a database. You will need to know how to use an UPDATE statement.
• DELETE. A DELETE statement removes a record from a database. This is an essential statement to know about.
• Aggregate Functions. You should know how to use the COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, and AVG functions to retrieve information about the data in a database. You will also need to know how to use the GROUP BY statement with aggregate functions.
• IN and BETWEEN. You will need to know how to use the IN and BETWEEN statements to retrieve records in a particular dataset or between a range.
• Aliases. Aliases make queries easier to read, when used properly. You should feel comfortable using an alias to assign temporary names to tables in a database when you are writing a query.

After you have learned these concepts, you will be on your way to becoming an SQL expert.

How Long Does It Take to Learn SQL?

You can start writing basic SQL statements within an hour or so of starting to study. To master the basics, you should expect to spend about a month studying, assuming you devote one hour a day in that time. If you want to become a professional developer in a field that uses SQL, you will probably need to study for a few months before you will be ready for an entry-level job that requires SQL knowledge.

Should I Learn SQL?

If you want to work in a position that is focused on data — whether that means administering databases or analyzing datasets — having a knowledge of SQL is essential. SQL knowledge is also a requirement in many back-end and full-stack web developer roles, where you will use SQL to store information from web apps.

It will not take you long to learn the basics and with the right investment of time you should have no trouble becoming an expert SQL developer. Your studying will not go unrewarded: the jobs in which SQL is heavily used all pay well. If you see yourself working with data in your career, consider spending some time learning SQL.

The post How to Learn SQL appeared first on Job Training Hub.

How does one go about learning Ruby? That’s a good question. In this guide, we will discuss what you need to learn as a beginner, how Ruby will impact your employability, and what resources you can use to learn this language.

What is Ruby?

Developed by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. The language was designed to combine functional and imperative programming principles in a way that is easy for developers to understand. Although Ruby has a simple syntax, it is very powerful and has become one of today’s most popular programming languages.

The Ruby language was inspired by languages like Perl and Python, with which Matsumoto was not satisfied. For instance, Matsumoto did not think Python was a “true object-oriented language.” He wanted to build something that was truly object-oriented.

Jobs that Require Ruby Skills

Ruby is a general-purpose programming language which means you can do a lot with it. Today, Ruby is used for software engineering, systems scripting, and, notably, web development. The Ruby on Rails framework, which extends Ruby to make web development simple, has made Ruby an incredibly popular language for web development.

Some jobs that may require Ruby include:

• Full stack web developer
• Backend web developer
• Software developer
• System administrator

These positions can all make use of Ruby to some extent. However, not all jobs under these titles will require Ruby. For instance, as a full stack web developer, you may need to know Python instead of Ruby. With that in mind, because Ruby is so popular, you should have no trouble finding companies that need skilled Ruby developers.

What Companies Use Ruby?

Ruby is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. It is used not only by hobbyist developers but also by a plethora of professionals. Due in large part to the popularity of Ruby on Rails, many big technology companies use Ruby. Here are a few companies that use Ruby as part of their technology stack:

• Stripe
• Vox Media
• Twitch
• Airbnb
• GitHub
• Shopify

These are only a few of the many companies that use Ruby on their teams in some way; there are many others.

Salary for Ruby Developers

Rather than being called “Ruby developers”, it is more common to refer to these professionals according to the field in which they deploy this tool. As such, common job titles include “full stack web developer” or “backend web developer.” The average salaries for people working in these two fields are $105,813 and $101,619, respectively. This shows that if you become proficient in Ruby, you will be able to unlock impressive salaries.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Ruby

You do not need any prior programming experience to learn Ruby. In fact, Ruby is considered quite a friendly language for people new to coding because the syntax is easy to understand. However, a basic knowledge of programming or computer science will go a long way in helping you understand the basics of Ruby.

Having a capacity for analytical thinking is helpful. This is because programming is all about thinking of ways to solve problems and implementing solutions. This process requires a lot of analytical thinking. Fortunately, you can always build your analytical thinking skills as you learn; there is no better way to improve your logical and analytical thinking skills for programming than to practice coding.

Where to Learn Ruby

So, you have decided to learn Ruby. The next question on your mind may be: where can I go to learn Ruby? We have conducted some research and found a few online courses that are suitable for beginners:

Ruby Programming Language – Full Course

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Video

This video is a comprehensive introduction to Ruby. It lasts over four hours; in that time you will develop a working understanding of a range of Ruby principles, from working with arrays to using if statements and writing data to files.

You are not expected to finish the video in just one sitting; this course is designed to allow you to start and stop at any time. The description contains a handy guide so you can skip to the topics that interest you.

Intro to Ruby Online

• Author: Flatiron School
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

This course, which lasts over 30 hours, introduces you to the basics of Ruby. You will learn about topics like command line applications, logic, methods, and using objects. As you progress, you will work on a two-player game of tic-tac-toe to practice the skills you have learned in class.

Learn to Code with Ruby

• Author: Boris Paskhaver
• Price: $19.99
• Type of resource: Course

This course features 31.5 hours of video content on the Ruby programming language. Throughout its 21 sections, you will go from writing a basic Ruby program to working with conditionals, ranges, arrays, strings, and more.

This course is a great way to go from knowing little about Ruby to feeling comfortable writing your own programs. Toward the end of the course, you will cover more advanced topics like modules, classes, and reading and writing documentation, all of which will set you in good stead as you advance in your learning journey.

Learn Ruby in Y Minutes

• Author: Learn X in Y Minutes
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Programming guide

Learn Ruby in Y Minutes is a web page with a series of Ruby code snippets. Each code snippet comes with an explanation of how it works. The web page is designed to be as simple as possible and does not get in the way of your learning with verbose explanations.

At the start of the tutorial, you will learn about comments and objects. You will then learn how to do math, use operators, and more. With this web page, you will get to know about string interpolation, variables, and arrays, among other concepts.

You can easily dip in and out of this guide at any time, going back to it whenever you get stuck coding or when you feel ready to learn something new.

Learn Ruby

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

This course is suitable for beginners to Ruby who have little or no experience with the language. You will start by learning about variables, basic data types, and working with the console. Slowly, you will work your way through more advanced topics like conditionals and object-oriented programming. At the end of this course, you will be challenged with a capstone project to practice the skills you have learned.

A Guide to Learning Ruby

What topics should beginners to Ruby learn about first? This is the first question you will need to answer. To help you start learning Ruby, we have compiled a list of some key topics beginners need to know.

• Syntax: No matter what programming language you learn, you need to start with the syntax. What is Ruby? What does a line of Ruby code look like? What principles influenced the design of Ruby? These are the sorts of questions you need to answer before you go any further.
• Data Types and Variables: You should learn about the basic data types supported in Ruby and how to assign values to a variable.
• Conditionals and For Loops: Once you know how to use the basic data types and variables, you should research how to use if statements and for loops to control the logic of your programs and reduce repetitive code, respectively.
• Arrays: Arrays store multiple values in one list. You should learn how to create and modify arrays. You will also need to know how to retrieve items from arrays.
• Functions: You should learn how to group code into functions that you can reference throughout your programs.
• Object-Oriented Development: Ruby was designed with object-oriented programming in mind. You should learn the basics of object-oriented programming, the principles upon which this programming paradigm is based, and how to implement objects in your code.

These are a few of the topics that you need to know about to start working with Ruby. However, these topics are only high-level. You need to research the topics above and learn how to apply them. You should not only know what all the above concepts mean but also be able to use them confidently in your programs.

Other topics you may want to research at the start of your Ruby learning journey include:

• Destructuring
• Blocks
• Hashes
• Lambda
• Symbols

Knowledge of all the above concepts will position you well to start writing your own Ruby programs.

How Long Does it Take to Learn Ruby?

You can start writing your first Ruby programs within half an hour of learning the language. To build a good understanding of the basics, you should spend at least two to three weeks studying, assuming you work at least an hour each day. However, if what you want is to land a job in tech, you will probably need to spend about three months studying and refining your knowledge of this language.

Should I Learn Ruby?

Do you see yourself building the logic (backend) behind websites? Or do you see yourself writing systems scripts? If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, then maybe learning Ruby is something you should consider.

Ruby is a vastly popular programming language and you will not have any trouble finding people who know and use the language. With its simple syntax, Ruby has a good learning curve. Even though the language is simple, Ruby is known for being powerful.

Do some research and give Ruby a try. If you like the syntax and think that you could work in a job that uses Ruby, then maybe you should learn it. Finally, keep in mind that Ruby is also a great tool to build your own personal projects.

The post How to Learn Ruby appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to talk about how you can learn Git. We will start by explaining what Git is. Then, we will discuss the skills you need to learn and what resources you can use.

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system that lets developers keep track of their code. Using Git, developers can see how their code has changed over time, who has made changes to a codebase, and when those changes have been made. This record makes it easy for software development teams to measure each developer’s contribution and figure out when certain features have been introduced to their code.

As soon as a developer clones (downloads) a Git repository to their computer, they can see not only all of the code in the project but also the history of that project. This means that developers can track code without having to depend on any online tools (although there are tools available that make tracking code more visual, such as GitHub).

Because developers can keep their own copies of a project on their computer, they can make changes to a codebase without sharing them until they are ready. One must “push” changes to make them available to the rest of the developers on a project.

Jobs that Require Git Skills

Most jobs that involve programming will either list knowledge of Git as a requirement or a nice-to-have skill. This is because Git is widely used by development teams around the world, from mobile app development to data analysis. Even if you do not know Git, most teams will expect that you learn the basics when you start.

Here are a few jobs where Git skills are used:

• Software developer
• Quality assurance analyst
• Data analyst
• Data engineer
• Web developer
• Database administrator
• Systems administrator

Other developers may use Git too. While there are other methods of version control, Git is so popular you can expect to encounter the tool in almost every programming discipline.

What Industries Use Git?

Git works behind the scenes in programming projects, especially in the technology industry. Outside of the technology industry, Git is still widely used because the platform makes collaborating on code much easier.

Here are a few industries that use Git to store code:

• Social networks
• Car-sharing (e.g. Lyft)
• Government
• Stock brokerage
• Music streaming
• Teaching

Other industries use Git, too, but the above list gives you an idea of the sorts of environments where Git is most commonly used.

What is Git Used For?

Git is used to keep track of programming projects. The Git system is distributed, which means that developers can work on a project independently without changing the main version of the project until they are ready. A central repository, called a “remote” repository, keeps track of changes, but when you pull a repository all of these changes will be logged on your computer.

Here are a few scenarios in which Git can be helpful:

• To measure the contributions of developers on a team.
• To revert back to a previous point in a project’s history and view the codebase at that time.
• To return to a project that has a bug to ensure the bug does not affect the production version of a codebase.

Overall, Git is used for code collaboration. Git makes it easy for developers to see how a project has evolved and gives them the ability to go back in time to see a project in a previous state. 

What Skills Do I Need to Master Git

To learn Git, you will need a basic understanding of at least one programming language. For instance, you may want to learn HTML, CSS, Java, SQL, or Bash. While you could use Git to track regular files, the software is designed to make code collaboration easier. Thus, you cannot effectively learn Git without having some code you are working on that needs to be tracked.

Having a basic understanding of version control systems and how code is developed in professional environments is helpful but not required. You will learn a lot about the architecture of software projects as you learn Git anyway.

Where to Learn Git

Because so many developers use Git, the technology is well documented. A Google search for Git resources will yield many results. Where do you start? What resources are best for beginners? We have reviewed many of these resources and have come up with a list of the best ones for beginners.

Pro Git Book

• Author: Scott Chacon and Ben Straub
• Price: eBook is available online for free
• Type of resource: Book

The Pro Git book is a comprehensive guide to using Git. The book starts with an introduction to Git and setting up Git on your computer. This is followed by tutorials on the basics of Git, such as reverting to previous versions of a project and viewing the commit history.

In later chapters, you will learn about more advanced Git features such as branching, how Git works on a server, and various Git tools that give you more insight into your codebase.

Version Control with Git

• Author: Udacity
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

The Version Control with Git Udacity course teaches you how to work with the Git command line, starting with why developers use version control and the jargon you might encounter while learning Git.

In this course, you will cover topics like creating a GIt repository, reviewing the history of a repository, creating commits, and more. This course features quizzes and interactive exercises designed to help you practice what you learn in the video lectures.

Learn Git

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Codecademy Pro membership ($19.99/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

The Learn Git Codecademy course starts with an introduction to the Git workflow. You will learn about the main features of Git and how to set up a repository. Later in the course, you will learn how to undo changes made to a repository, how to use branching, and how to use Git in a collaborative environment.

Codecademy estimates this course takes 10 hours to complete. No background knowledge of Git is required to participate.

GitHub Git Cheat Sheet

• Author: GitHub
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Cheat sheet

The GitHub Git cheat sheet is a two-page PDF that covers the basic Git commands you should know. This cheat sheet is a good resource to turn to if you have already learned the basics of Git and want to revise the commands you have studied.

This cheat sheet features reminders on all of the main commands you are likely to use, from setting up a repository and working with branches to inspecting changes in a repository.

Git-it Desktop App

• Author: Jessica Lord
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Desktop app

The Git-it desktop app is designed to help you learn how to use Git and GitHub, a popular tool for collaborating on projects. This app is interactive and walks you through features like working with remote repositories and creating commits.

This desktop app runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Although it is not a requirement, the creator recommends that you install GitHub Desktop before using this tool.

A Guide to Learning Git

To start using Git, you will need to learn the basics of its architecture. Then you can go on to using Git in your own project. The best way to learn Git is to start at the very beginning and slowly work your way up to more advanced concepts.

Below is a list of concepts that you should learn as a beginner:

• How Does Git Work?: How do changes become part of the history of a repository? What is a tree? What is branching? How does Git track the history of a project? These are all basic questions you should be able to answer before you delve too deep into Git.
• Setting Up a Repository: With some basic knowledge of Git, you will be ready to start a repository, which is a folder in which Git tracks code. You should learn how to set up a repository from scratch or download a repository from an existing source.
• Pushing a Commit: Once you have set up a repository, you should learn how to add a file to the staging area, add the files in the staging area to a commit, and push a commit to a remote repository.
• Inspecting a Repository: You should know how to view the status of a local repository and how to look at the history of a repository. You should also feel comfortable navigating between different branches in a repository.
• Pulling Changes: You should be able to check for changes on a remote repository and pull those changes to your local copy of the repository.

These features make up the basics of the Git version control system and will take you a long way in your programming career. There are other more advanced features that you may need to learn about as you pursue a career in programming, however. For instance, you will need to learn about diffs, merging, and more.

How Long Does it Take to Learn Git?

You can start using a Git repository and logging your code within a few hours of playing around with Git. You will then need to spend a few weeks learning about more advanced features like viewing the history of a project and using them in practice. To learn enough about Git to use the tool in a professional environment, you will need a few months of experience using the tool.

Should I Learn Git?

Git is used by a large percentage of developers to track contributions to software projects. Git is not exclusively used in any type of programming: data analysis, web developers, software engineers, and more all use Git to track code.

Git is easy to use and will help you keep track of your own code and your contributions to team projects. If you want to pursue a career where you will be writing code, knowing Git is almost essential. Many workplaces list Git as a good-to-have skill. In this case, it is probably ok to learn Git as you go. This is because it does not take too long to learn Git; you can learn this skill on the job.

Good luck on your learning journey!

The post How to Learn Git appeared first on Job Training Hub.

Learning React is easier if you know where to start and where to go to learn the language. That is why we have written this guide. We want to help you get started on your React learning journey and find the resources you need to thrive. In this guide, you’ll find a range of resources and information about how React can help you in your career.

What is React?

React is a front end web development framework built with JavaScript. React was built by Facebook and released in May 2013. The React framework is based upon components, which are small pieces of code that can be bundled together to create a web page. Components introduce a logical architecture to a website and make creating front ends easier for developers.

The React language uses the principle “learn once, write anywhere.” This benefit speaks to how React can be used with your existing web code, like HTML and CSS, without any interference. You can even use React with the framework React Native to turn your React website into a fully-functional mobile application.

Jobs that Require React Skills

React skills are most commonly used in front end web development. React is a front end web development framework. With that in mind, you may also encounter React in full stack and backend web development. But React will not be used on every engineering team because every business and project has its own tech stack.

Full stack developers operate on both the front end and the backend, so they are likely to use React if the project on which they are working uses React. Backend web developers will not spend much time on the front end but it is useful to have a good understanding of front end technologies anyway. If a backend web developer is building the backend for an app powered by React, they may find themselves occasionally looking at the front end React code.

What Companies Use React?

Although React is only seven years old, many prominent companies are using the technology. The companies that use React range from social networks and streaming sites to online shopping websites.

Here are a few companies that use React:

• Coursera
• Robinhood
• Slack
• LinkedIn
• The New York Times
• Tinder
• Instagram
• Facebook
• Amazon

The above companies are only some of the top businesses that use React; plenty more businesses use it in some way. If you end up pursuing a career in front end web development, you will easily find companies that need your React skills. 

Salary for React Developers

Most companies employ React developers under the title “front end developer.” According to Glassdoor, the average salary for a front end developer is $76,929 per year. Not all of the positions taken into account to calculate that salary will require React as a skill, however.

It is possible to earn much higher salaries as you refine your web development skills. Senior front end developers earn an average of $103,344 per year according to Glassdoor, which is significantly more than the salary for regular front end developers.

What Skills Do I Need to Master React

You will need a good understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in order to learn React. This means you should feel comfortable writing web pages using all of these languages. React is a framework built with JavaScript and, on a day-to-day basis, you will use React, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You should not start learning about React until you feel comfortable with JavaScript.

A good understanding of the web and how web applications are built in professional environments is useful, too. However, you can pick this knowledge up as you learn React.

Where to Learn React

There are many courses and books online to learn React. Some courses cost money whereas others are free. To get you started using React, we have compiled a list of some top React courses that you may want to consider.

React Tutorial for Beginners [React js]

• Author: Programming with Mosh (YouTube channel)
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Video

In this video, which lasts almost two and a half hours, you will learn how to build a web application using React. This video starts with the basics: what React is and how you can set up your first application. You will then gradually move on to learn all of the main features of React, from writing components and rendering lists to using props and state.

The author of this course teaches from his code editor and browser. This means you can easily follow along. You can always pause the video at any time if you need to read over the code the instructor is discussing. Each section is marked so you can easily navigate to the place in the video you want to visit. 

React for Beginners

• Author: Wes Bos
• Price: Free (paid version available)
• Type of resource: Course

This course, which has been taken by over 33,000 people, is taught by a professional web development instructor. In this course, you will learn how to build a React application from scratch. It covers topics like components, using JSX, managing application state, deploying your website to a service like Netlify, and more.

This course is split up into several videos and contains about five hours of material. Its short length means you can reasonably pick up the basics of React within about a week, assuming you study for an hour or so a day.

React Fundamentals

• Author: James K. Nelson
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

There are a lot of buzzwords commonly associated with React. If you are a beginner, you want to cut through the noise and focus on the basics. That is exactly what this course achieves. In this course, you will focus solely on working with React, not other frameworks used with React.

This course is designed to help you learn by writing your own code. There are interactive exercises for you to complete in your browser and two main projects that you will build.

The Beginner’s Guide to React

• Author: Kent C. Dodds
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

Taught over 28 lessons, this course is a basic introduction to React. You will learn what React is, its fundamental tenets, and why professionals use it. The course features almost two and a half hours of material, split up into individual tutorials so you can easily navigate to the concepts you want to learn.

The Road to Learn React

• Author: Robin Wieruch
• Price: $49.00
• Type of resource: eBook

This book teaches what you need to know to use React effectively. You will start by learning the fundamentals of React and setting up your development environment. Later in the book, you will learn about testing and organizing your code and writing more advanced components.

This book is designed to take you from zero to proficiency. The book accomplishes this not only through written content but also interactive exercises and over 300 code snippets designed to illustrate key React concepts.

React Tutorials

There are many written React tutorials on the Internet that you can follow to learn more about coding in React. We have done some research and found a few in-depth React tutorials that you may be interested in looking at as you start learning React.

Official React Tutorial

The official React tutorial, which is on the main React website, is perfect for beginners. The tutorial walks you through how to build an interactive tic-tac-toe game with React. You will start by setting up your development environment and slowly learn about the topics necessary to build your application. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a solid understanding of the main building blocks of the React framework.

React Tutorial

This website is an interactive learning environment for newbies to React. This course discusses the basics of React through short lessons. You will use the skills you learn to build an online supermarket shopping app with an actual payment function. The tutorial comes with 67 free lessons, after which point you have to pay for a “pro” account.

MDN Understanding Client-side JavaScript Frameworks

The Mozilla Developer Network has written a few tutorials on how to use various JavaScript frameworks, including React. The first React tutorial walks you through how to get started with this framework. Subsequent tutorials discuss how to create a to-do list that meets certain accessibility requirements.

A Guide to Learning React

The best place to start learning React is to download the create-react-app application. This tool, built by Facebook, makes it easy to set up a server for a React website. The tool also creates a basic architecture for your website so you can start writing your React application immediately. But, after you have set up a project, where do you begin?

Here are a few topics you will need to learn about to become proficient with React:

• React architecture: You will need to know what a React app looks like and the main parts of a React application. Having this knowledge is essential before you move on to other features.
• Components: Components are one of the most important features of the React language. You should learn what components are, why they are used, and how to use a component in your application.
• Props: Props lets you pass data between components. You will need to know how to use props to share data between components and show that data in your application.
• State: The React state value keeps track of values that you set. You can also pass the value of the state between components. You should know how to add an item into the state, retrieve an item from the state, and manipulate the state.
• App lifecycle: React applications go through a lifecycle when they render. You need to learn the main parts of this lifecycle and the order in which each event in the lifecycle happens.
• Functional components: Functional components do not have a state. You should learn how to use functional components and how they compare to regular components.
• Constructors: Constructors let you initialize values in your React application. You should learn how to use constructors to set initial values in React’s state.
• Working with lists: Lists use a concept called keys to identify individual items in the list. You should learn how to write lists in React using keys.

These concepts will give you a solid footing in React. There is a lot more to learn but learning about the above topics will get you started. These are the main features of React which you can expect to encounter in almost every React application you build.

How Long Does it Take to Learn React?

You can start writing code in your first React app within minutes if you use the create-react-app tool. But, you will need to study for at least a month to feel comfortable with the basics of React development. Expect to spend three to six months refining your React skills after that, which is essential if you want to become a professional React developer.

Should I Learn React?

React is a modern web development technology, widely used by development teams around the world. Over the last few years, React has proven that it is here to stay. Through continuous updates and great community support, the language has evolved and more learning resources have become available as people who know React have shared their knowledge.

React is a great skill to know if you want to be a front end web developer. Not every company uses React, but enough do that finding a company that needs an employee with React skills is no problem at all. Companies in industries like news media, social media, and the sharing economy all use React.

Spend some time thinking about whether React is worth learning. Try out React for yourself and see if you like the syntax. If you think React will fit in with your career plan or personal interests, go ahead and start learning it.

The post How to Learn React appeared first on Job Training Hub.

How do you learn Angular? That’s a good question. In this learning guide, we’re going to talk about the basics of Angular, what Angular could mean for your career, and where you can go to pick up some Angular development skills.

What is Angular?

Angular, which was released in 2012 by Google, is a development platform built using TypeScript, a program based on JavaScript. Using Angular, developers can manipulate the content of a page. Angular uses the model-view-controller method of programming. A big benefit of Angular is that you can change some parts or your pages without having to change a lot of code to make your pages support the Angular framework.

A big feature of Angular is directives, which let developers control the contents of a web page. Developers can create their own custom directives or use those which are already in Angular such as ng-model. Angular also supports components, like React, which introduces a more modular method of developing web pages. You can use and reuse components anywhere on a page, thus limiting repetition in your code.

Angular, like React, is ready to use out of the box. The Angular environment is easy to set up and as soon as you have installed Angular onto a page you are ready to start using the framework.

Jobs that Require Angular Skills

Angular is a front-end technology. Most people who use Angular are either front-end or full-stack web developers. Both of these job titles involve working a lot with the code that renders the front-end of a website. 

Back-end developers may need to know a bit of Angular in case they need to know exactly how something works on the front-end. But, back-end developers will not use Angular on a day-to-day basis.

What Companies Use Angular?

Companies around the world use the Angular technology to varying degrees. Here are a few companies that use Angular in their technology stacks:

• Google
• Snapchat
• Tinder
• AMazon
• Udemy
• Lyft
• Accenture
• ROBLOX

Angular competes with React, Backbone.js, Vue.js, and other frameworks too. Despite the popularity of these other frameworks, Angular has become a key part of many business’ tech stacks. If you learn Angular, you will have a skill you can use professionally for years to come.

Salary for Angular Developers

If you become an Angular developer, you can reach for a high salary. According to PayScale, the average Angular developer earns $72,248 per year. That is a good amount of money even for a job in technology. Developers in the top 75% earn about $95,000 which shows your Angular knowledge may be worth even more, depending on where you go to work and your seniority within an organization.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Angular

To learn Angular, you will need a strong understanding of JavaScript, the language upon which Angular is built. You should also know a bit about TypeScript, which is the framework Angular is based on. While you may not have to write very complex TypeScript code, this framework will certainly come up in your Angular learning.

In addition, you should feel comfortable with HTML and CSS. This is a given because Angular is a web development technology and all websites must include some HTML (and most sites include CSS, too).

You should also have a legitimate interest in learning Angular. This is not so much of a skill as it is a mindset. If you have not committed to learning Angular, you will find it easy to get distracted from your goal. You need to stay focused on your goal and remember that learning Angular is a journey, not a sprint.

Where to Learn Angular

There are many resources online designed to help budding Angular developers pick up the skills they need to know. Where should you begin learning? We cannot answer that question because everyone has their own learning preferences. But, we can give you some learning resources to check out. Keep reading to find some top Angular learning resources for beginners.

Angular Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Angular & TypeScript

• Author: Programming with Mosh
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This video will introduce you to coding in ANgular and TypeScript. It walks you through how to create your first Angular and TypeScript application. You will also learn how to use the main features in Angular such as templates, components, and directives.

At the end of the video, you will be given a learning exercise to complete. This exercise will help you practice what you have learned in the course, which is important because the course covers a lot of ground in a short period of time.

Learn Angular – Full Tutorial Course

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

freeCodeCamp is well-known for their full tutorials on various programming languages and technologies. In this 5.5 hour long video, you will learn what you ended to know about coding with Angular. This course covers a lot of topics, from components to lifecycle hooks to decorators.

Later in the course, you will work on building a login app using the knowledge you have acquired. You will then use MongoDB and Node.js to make your Angular login application functional.

Front-End JavaScript Frameworks: Angular

• Author: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course teaches the basics of working with TypeScript to develop Angular applications. Lessons are split up into four weeks in which you will learn some beginner Angular concepts such as components, services, and routing.

This course comes with dozens of reading materials you can use to reinforce your knowledge. By the end of this course, you can implement your own single page applications in Angular. You will also graduate with an understanding of the main features of Angular.

Getting Started with Angular 2+

• Author: Ryan Chenkie and Angularcasts (on Udemy)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

Over 60,000 students have taken this free course. It walks you through creating a basic Angular application. This course is ideal for people who learn by working through real-world examples rather than reading about theory. You will learn about topics like using the Angular CLI, the main parts of an Angular app, and implementing an interface in Angular.

Angular: Getting Started

• Author: Deborah Kurata (on Pluralsight)
• Price: Pluralsight membership ($29 / month)
• Type of Resource: Course

This course contains almost six hours of video content covering the basics of Angular. In this course, you will learn about components, templates, data binding, dependency injection, and other core features of the Angular technology. 

By the time you complete this course, you should feel comfortable building your own application using Angular.

Angular Tutorials

There are many websites with detailed Angular tutorials. These tutorials are useful if you need to revise a concept or if you prefer to learn by following along with an article rather than a video. We conducted some research online and found some of the best Angular tutorials for beginners. We have listed these tutorials below.

Getting started with Angular

The “Getting started with Angular” tutorial on the official Angular website is a great place to begin your learning journey. The tutorial teaches you how to build an e-commerce site with Angular. In this tutorial, you will learn about the theory behind various Angular concepts as well as how to use that theory in the e-commerce application you build.

There are various other tutorials and best practice references on the Angular website, too, accessible through the sidebar of the Angular documentation.

W3Schools AngularJS Tutorials

W3Schools has a tutorial series on working with Angular. In this tutorial series, you will learn about topics like expressions, models, scopes, and filters. In the traditional W3Schools style, each article contains code snippets and text that gets straight to the point. You will see very little preamble in W3Schools’ tutorials so you can focus on learning what matters most.

Angular University Blog

The Angular University Blog contains detailed tutorials on various aspects of working with Angular, from using the NgRx entity to building custom form validators. Most blog posts last between five and 30 minutes, exploring in detail the topic at hand. Many tutorials include tables of contents which make it easy to see exactly what you will learn in a tutorial before you read further.

A Guide to Learning Angular Basics

To become proficient in Angular, there are quite a few things you need to learn. We have done some research and found the most important fundamental concepts for aspirint Angular developers to know. Once you have learned these concepts, you can move on to more advanced materials.

Here are some most-know concepts for anyone who want to learn Angular:

• Setup. Before you can build features with Angular, you will need to know how to add Angular to a web page.
• Components. Angular uses components which break up code for particular parts of a web page into different parts. You should know how to create, use, and manipulate a component in Angular.
• Directives. Directives add new functionalities to your applications. You should learn how to use the built-in Angular directives and how to create your own.
• Templates. Templates are HTML code which will display as part of a web page. You should feel confident using templates in your code.
• Forms. Angular is often used to build dynamic web forms. You should spend some time learning about how to use Angular to build web forms.
• Testing. How do you make sure your Angular code is functional before your application runs? The answer lies in testing. You should feel comfortable testing your code using Angular’s unit testing protocols.

How Long Does It Take to Learn Angular?

You can learn how to code with Angular in about three months, depending on how much time you devote to learning. This number assumes you learn for an hour a day for those three months. But everyone learns at a different pace. If you want to use Angular in a professional environment, you will need to spend about six month studying the technology first before you are ready for an entry-level job using Angular.

Should I Learn Angular?

Angular is a popular web development technology, used around the world for various sorts of web applications. If you want to become a professional front-end web developer, learning Angular is a good bet because the technology is well-used in professional environments.

Learning Angular will take you some time and there may be frustration down the line, a feeling you should be used to if you have learned any programming technology before. But this frustration will be worth it as Angular developers command strong salaries.

Ask yourself whether you can see yourself developing the front-end of websites. Do you feel like you need to learn a web development framework? Why? If you can answer all of these questions and you are confident Angular is a good choice for you, go ahead and start learning Angular. You will have plenty of company.

The post How to Learn Angular appeared first on Job Training Hub.

The language, which is said to be “close to hardware,” is efficient, lending itself well to applications such as gaming and building graphical user interfaces where these two benefits are particularly important.

How does one go about learning the C++ language? That’s what we are going to cover in this article. We will discuss what C++ is, where you can go to learn it, and how knowing the language can increase your salary.

What is C++?

C++, initially developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, is a programming language built upon C. C++ was initially released in 1995 and since then has undergone several releases which improved the language. Today, C++ is used widely for gaming, graphical interface programming, and in operating system development.

C++ is taught in university computer science classes around the world because the language incorporates many computer science and programming essential topics. 

Jobs that Require C++ Skills

What jobs need C++ skills? Despite the fact C++ is old and seen by some to be archaic, there are many jobs in which C++ skills are necessary. Here are a few job titles you can expect to ask for C++ skills in some cases:

• Software developer
• Quality assurance analyst
• C++ Developer
• Embedded systems developer
• Game developer

Remember that these are just job titles that may request C++ skills. Not all individual jobs that have these titles will need C++ skills because there are a lot of other languages used in these positions. Nevertheless, C++ is so important in technology that you can find a company that could use your skills under one of the above titles and beyond.

What Companies Use C++?

C++ is widely used by businesses around the world due to the performance offered by the language. Here are a few companies that use C++ in some way:

• NASA
• Facebook
• Microsoft
• Bloomberg
• Oracle
• Mozilla
• PayPal

C++ is particularly advantageous for large-scale applications, such as applications that the sorts of companies listed above develop. Whereas speed may not matter much for a small-scale project, these big companies may depend on C++ to help them keep their infrastructure operating at the desired speed.

Salary for C++ Developers

C++ is not the most intuitive language to learn and takes a long time to master. As a result, C++ developers are well compensated for their work. The average C software developer earns $76,526 per year according to Glassdoor. The salary for a C++ developer varies depending on the type of company at which you go to work as well as the sort of work you will do (i.e. game development, general software development).

What Skills Do I Need to Master C++

You do not need any programming experience to learn C++. With that in mind, having an understanding of C will help you massively in understanding C++. Because C++ is built on C, there are many overlaps between the two languages.

C++ is not recommended to beginners. This is due to the more complex syntax C++ has over various other languages. That does not mean you cannot learn C++ as your first language. You may just need to spend more time learning to get your head around the basic concepts.

Where to Learn C++

Finding a good course or learning resource is crucial to learning C++. But not everyone likes the same resources because everyone learns in a different way. That’s why we have made a list of a few top C++ learning resources which you may want to look at if you decide to learn C++.

C++ Tutorial for Beginners – Full Course

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This video is a one-stop-shop for all the C++ basics. Like most of freeCodeCamp’s beginner tutorials, you will start by installing the tools you need to use C++. You will then go on to write your first “Hello World” program and learn more basic concepts.

This course gradually explores more complicated topics, from working with strings to using arrays. When taking this course, you may want to pause every now and again and review what has been said. There is a lot of ground covered in the four hours this course lasts.

‘The C++ Programming Language’

• Author: Bjarne Stroustrup
• Price: $58.94
• Type of Resource: Book

If you ask a C++ developer for a book recommendation, this will most likely be the first book they tell you about. Written by the creator of C++ and now in its fourth edition, this book covers most of what you need to know about C++.

The book includes best practices on how to use the C++ programming language as well as tutorials on all the main concepts. While this book is slightly out of date, a lot of the concepts you learn in the book are still highly relevant today.

C++ Tutorial for Complete Beginners

• Author: John Purcell
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

The C++ Tutorial for Complete Beginners course contains almost 18 hours of content on C++, divided into 11 sections. This course does not require any background knowledge but does come with a warning that C++ requires a lot of patience to learn.

In the course, you will cover topics ranging from basic syntax to object-oriented development. You will be tasked with completing a so-called “particle fire” program to showcase the skills you have acquired while learning.

Learn C++ by Creating

• Author: Andrew Volk
• Price: $19.99
• Type of Resource: Course

This course embodies the principle of learning by doing. In this course, you will create nine programs, from a simple “Hello World!’ example to building an application that has a conversation with a user. Unlike some courses, which are more focused in teaching syntax in isolation, you will immediately learn how to apply specific features of C++ in real-life applications.

C++ Crash Course For Beginners

• Author: Traversy Media
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This video course is a short introduction to C++. The video moves at a fast pace, covering a lot of ground in only one and a half hours. So, you may find yourself pausing quite a bit to revise something that has been covered. But if you pay attention and keep practicing what you see in the course, you will walk away with a lot of useful knowledge.

The C++ Language Tutorial

• Author: Juan Soulié
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

Produced by Juan Soulié at cplusplus.com, this book is a good place to learn about C++. The book is written for anyone who wants to learn C++, even if you do not have any knowledge of programming. The book consists of six parts, each of which has its own sections, and features detailed code snippets  and reference tables throughout.

C++ Tutorials

You will find many written tutorials online which cover the basics of C++ syntax. If you are interested in learning through written tutorials, check out the three resources we have curated below. All of the resources we have researched are suitable for beginners to C++.

Programiz C++ Tutorials

The Programiz Learn C++ course covers basic C++ syntax. You will learn about flow control, functions, arrays and strings, structures, pointers, and more. Each tutorial features code snippets, outputs from code snippets, and detailed explanations for the concepts covered in the tutorial.

W3Schools C++ Introduction

W3Schools, who are known for their web development tutorials, have written a guide to C++. You will learn about the basic C++ syntax and then move onto talking about classes. While W3Schools does not have as many tutorials on C++ as other sites, each guide is well explained and suited to beginners just learning about C++.

A Guide to Learning C++ Basics

What do you need to know to start writing your own C++ programs? If you do not think about this question, you may end up struggling to figure out where you are. That’s why we have done some research and found the main concepts beginners need to know about.

• Data Types and Syntax. You need to get a feel for what a C++ program looks like and what parts of a C++ program are required in any program. You should also learn about the basic C++ data types, what they mean, and how they are used. 
• Conditionals, Loops, and Functions. Conditionals like if statements let you control what lines of code are run and when. Loops automate repetitive tasks you need to complete. Functions cut down on repetition by putting code you need to reuse in different situations in one place to which you can refer.
• Arrays. Arrays store lists of information. You should feel comfortable working with arrays.
• Objects. C++ incorporates object-oriented programming principles. Indeed, the language was designed to make C object-oriented. You will need to know the basics of object-oriented programming and how C incorporates principles from this paradigm.
• Inheritance. Inheritance lets you share data from different classes. You should spend time familiarizing yourself with the basics of inheritance.
• Pointers and Structures. Pointers store the addresses in which variables are kept. Structures group variables of different data types. You should learn how to use both pointers and structures.

After spending some time learning about these fundamentals, you will be in good shape when it comes time to learning more advanced concepts in C++.

How Long Does It Take to Learn C++?

C++ is not an easy language to learn. You will need to spend at least a month or two learning to get a handle on the basics of C++. That’s only the start of your learning. To learn more advanced features of syntax, you will need to study for three or so more months.

If you want to use C++ for professional use, expect to spend at least six to eight months refining your skills. This amount of study will prepare you for an entry-level position in C++, although even at this point you will still need to do a lot of learning.

Should I Learn C++?

Should you learn C++? That is a question you need to answer for yourself. While there is a lot of buzz around other programming languages, C++ is not going to go away any time soon. The language has been eloquently designed and performs better than many other languages.

If you want to work in games development, C++ is a great skill to have. Many companies also need software engineers who know C++ to help them build their core infrastructure. C++ is a skill that will be useful for years to come, meaning that you can make a career out of C++.

Read about the C++ syntax. Ask other developers what they think about the language. Research whether C++ is likely to meet your personal learning goals. Only then can you make an informed decision about whether C++ is right for you.

The post How to Learn C++ appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to chat about what you need to know about learning PHP. We will start by discussing the basics of PHP and jobs that use PHP skills. Then, we will go on to discuss where you can go to learn about PHP.

What is PHP?

PHP, short for Hypertext Preprocessor, is a scripting language. PHP code can be added to an HTML file to add dynamic features to a website. PHP is commonly used to build web forms and add features to a website that are based on data that can change.

When a PHP file is executed, the content of the file is generated and turned into HTML code. For instance, a news site will retrieve all the stories for a page, generate the page, and then return a full HTML file with the code for that page. This is because browsers cannot read PHP code: they read HTML code.

PHP is popular because it makes adding dynamic features to a website simple. Without having to set up too much infrastructure, you can start to build websites that depend on databases with content that can conveniently change.

Jobs that Require PHP Skills

Most jobs that require PHP skills are related to web development, so you can expect to see the title “web developer” or “PHP” in a lot of jobs where PHP may be required or preferred. Here are a few job titles that may require PHP skills:

• PHP developer
• Front-end web developer
• Back-end web developer
• Database administrator
• WordPress developer

The job of a PHP developer will certainly require knowledge of PHP. Front-end and back-end web development may require knowledge of PHP depending on the technology stack used by your company. Some companies use PHP whereas others may use different technologies instead, like a modern JavaScript stack.

Database administrators are less likely to use PHP on a daily basis. But, if he or she is running a database that interfaces with a PHP application, some knowledge of PHP is needed.

WordPress developers help build websites that use the WordPress content management system. Because WordPress is based on PHP, any custom integrations made on WordPress generally use PHP to some extent. Many businesses need custom features for their WordPress websites so an entire job title has been made out of customizing WordPress sites. These jobs almost always require a knowledge of PHP.

What Companies Use PHP?

PHP is an incredibly powerful tool and so companies around the world have made PHP part of their web development technology stacks. These companies include:

• Facebook
• WordPress
• Lyft
• Tesla Motors
• Etsy
• MasterCard
• Slack

PHP is still a highly relevant skill today, even though there are other languages which are now being used in place of PHP in some cases (i.e. Python Flask). Top companies from social networks to financial services businesses still use PHP today.

Salary for PHP Developers

PHP developers earn impressive salaries. According to Glassdoor, the average PHP developer earns $73,506 per year. The upper bound for PHP developer salaries is $96,000 on Glassdoor. Senior PHP developers, who typically have a few years of experience under their belts, command an average salary of $91,727 per year.

What Skills Do I Need to Master PHP

You should have a working understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to learn PHP. All three languages are commonly used in web development. Without knowing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you will struggle to understand the PHP syntax and how PHP is used on a web page.

Having a good understanding of servers and dynamic content is also helpful. PHP is a server-side technology. However, you can understand the two concepts as you learn PHP, so these concepts are more nice-to-haves than requirements.

Where to Learn PHP

A quick Google search will yield many options for PHP courses and learning resources. But which resources are worth looking at in more depth? To help you find a place to learn PHP, we have compiled a list of some top PHP resources for beginners.

Building Web Applications in PHP

• Author: University of Michigan (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course teaches the basics of coding in PHP. Over the 31 hours it takes to study this course, you will learn the PHP syntax, how to install PHP, and work with arrays and functions. This course ends with a look at using PHP to create dynamic forms with HTML.

This course not only teaches PHP but also the fundamentals of HTML and CSS. So, if you are not familiar with the languages just yet, take this course before you go on to learn about PHP.

Learn PHP

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This interactive online course covers everything you need to know about build a simple web PHP application. You will first learn about what PHP is and why it is used. You will then learn about basic PHP features like functions, variables, and arrays.

Later in the course, you will cover more advanced features of PHP like conditionals, creating forms, and validating forms. Throughout your learning journey, you will be given interactive exercises to complete to help you remember what you have learned in class.

PHP Programming Language Tutorial – Full Course

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This course is a detailed introduction to the PHP Programming language. You will start by installing PHP and setting up the tools you will need. You will then slowly learn the basics of PHP, with reference to some examples. For instance, you will build a basic calculator, and then a better calculator. You will also build a “mad libs” game in the course.

This course is ideal to take over the course of many days. Because the course lasts over 4.5 hours, you may want to split your studying up into time frames and then practice what you have learned as you complete the course..

PHP Development

• Author: Caleb Curry
• Price: $34.99
• Type of Resource: Course

This course covers the basics of PHP without diving too deep into the weeds of MySQL and other technologies used with PHP. You will start by learning about data types and operators. Later in the course, you will learn about control flow structures, creating arrays, and other topics you need to know.

At the end of the course, you will learn how to create a dynamic HTML form with PHP. This part of the course walks through not only the code you will need to write to make a basic form but also the process of form handling and POST requests.

PHP for Beginners – Become a PHP Master – CMS Project

• Author: Edwin Diaz and Coding Faculty Solutions
• Price: $59.99
• Type of Resource: Course

This course is worth a look whether you are completely new to PHP or if you have some knowledge and want to build your skills. Through 37.5 hours of content, you will learn the basics of PHP, MySQL, and using databases.

In this course, you will work on a big project where you are tasked to create a content management system. This project will push your knowledge and encourage you to dive deeper into the various PHP concepts you learn in the course.

Building Database Applications in PHP

• Author: University of Michigan (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course is worth a look if you know the basics of PHP and want to dive deeper into working with databases. The course starts by teaching you about object-oriented PHP. You will then learn how to connect PHP to MySQL, a database client.

After setting up a database, you will learn how to use that database in your applications. The final week tasks you with building a CRUD application which will involve using all of the knowledge you have learned in the course.

PHP Tutorials

Over the years, many basic PHP tutorials have been written. We have found some tutorials written for beginners to PHP you should take a look at.

W3Schools PHP Tutorial

W3Schools is a major authority on various aspects of web development. In their PHP tutorial, you will cover the basics of PHP, using forms, and using MySQL with PHP. Each tutorial features interactive coding exercises, syntax definitions where relevant, and easy-to-understand explanations of the topic at hand.

TutorialRepublic PHP Tutorial

TutorialRepublic has a few dozen tutorials on PHP, ranging from the fundamentals of the language to more advanced features like cookies and working with the file system. Tutorials, like those on W3Schools, usually contain code snippets with which you can follow along and detailed syntax definitions. Notes, tips and warnings which will help you develop a deeper understanding of various concepts are annotated on many tutorials.

A Guide to Learning PHP

Where do you start when you want to learn PHP? That is a big question. The best place to start when you learn any programming language is the syntax. Syntax refers to the rules and conventions which govern how a language works, like how you write a line of code in a particular language. Then, you can go on to learning more about the language.

Here are a few topics you should learn about at the start of your PHP journey:

• Data Types, Variables, and Conditionals. Data types refer to the ways in which data can be stored. Variables are unique identifiers for values on a web page. Conditionals decide when certain lines of code are run in a program. You will need to know about all of these concepts before you start to write more advanced web pages.
• Loops, Functions, and Arrays. Loops run the same lines of code multiple times. Functions group lines of code together. Arrays store multiple values in one list. These are all essential beginner topics you should learn.
• Math. A lot of applications involve math in some way. You should learn the basic mathematical operators and how to use them in your web pages.
• Forms. PHP is commonly used to build web forms. You should learn how to create a form in PHP and handle the data you have gathered.
• Session Management. Keep track of sessions in PHP so you can show unique data to different users. Learn how to set cookies and sessions in PHP.
• Using MySQL. PHP developers use MySQL to store data for a web page. Know how to set up a MySQL database, add data to the database, and retrieve data from the database.
• Creating Dynamic Pages with Data: When you feel confident using MySQL, learn how to connect MySQL with your PHP application. Doing so lets you show data from a database on a web page that you have developed.

Learning the above concepts will give you the information you need to write some basic PHP pages. That’s all that matters if you are a beginner: getting your foot in the door and being able to try out coding as soon as possible. You can learn more advanced concepts when you feel confident you have mastered the fundamentals of PHP.

How Long Does It Take to Learn PHP?

PHP does not take too long to learn if you devote the right amount of time to your studies. You will probably spend about two to three months learning the basics of the language and MySQL, which is often used to store data with PHP applications. A few months of additional study will position you well for an entry-level job that requires knowledge of PHP.

Should I Learn PHP?

PHP may be an older web development technology but the language is by no means archaic: a large percentage of the sites on the internet today use PHP. This is because WordPress, the most popular content management system in the world, was written using PHP.

There is no escaping PHP on the modern web. Plenty of companies in all sorts of industries have websites built on PHP who need an expert developer to help them improve their sites. PHP offers not only good job prospects but high salaries, too.

Learning PHP is a big commitment, like learning any programming language. Take some time to ask yourself why you are interested in PHP. Try the language out. If you like using PHP and think the language could help you in your career, there is no reason why you should not set out to become proficient in the language.

The post How to Learn PHP appeared first on Job Training Hub.

But how do you start learning HTML? That is a good question. We’re going to help you figure out how you can learn HTML in this article. We will start by covering a bit about HTML as a skill and how learning HTML could impact your career. Then, we will go onto talking about resources you can use to learn HTML.

What is HTML?

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is used to outline the structure of a web page. An HTML web page contains tags, each of which represents a particular part of the web page. When you load a web page, the browser reads the HTML code behind the web page and uses that code to decide how the web page should be displayed in your browser.

HTML is often used alongside CSS and JavaScript. CSS is used to set out the styles for a web page such as the colors of elements and the position of elements. JavaScript, on the other hand, lets you make features on your HTML page interactive.

Jobs that Require HTML Skills

Any job that involves web development will require knowledge of HTML, even if you choose to work on the back-end where you are not directly responsible for building the user-facing part of a website. The job titles that require HTML skills are:

• HTML/CSS developer
• Front-end web developer
• Full-stack web developer
• Back-end web developer
• Web designer (UX/UI designer)
• Systems administrators

Having an understanding of HTML is useful if you work in any role that relates to the web. For instance, you may find knowledge of HTML handy if you are an SEO specialist, as HTML comes up quite a bit in that field. Indeed, if you work in a role where you are involved in developing websites, knowing HTML is incredibly useful (and often essential).

What Industries Use HTML?

HTML is affiliated with every industry because you cannot build a website without an understanding of HTML. Even more abstract ways of building websites like using React still involve leveraging HTML. Here are a few industries which use HTML:

• Healthcare
• Finance
• Online media
• Energy
• Governments
• Search engines

Not all companies employ developers to write HTML code. There is a growing pool of website builders such as Squarespace which will let you build a website without knowing HTML code. These site builders are often quite advanced, allowing you to build web forms and more.

Although, more advanced websites need to be custom-built, which usually involves hiring a web developer or a web development agency because site builders can only go so far.

Salary for HTML Developers

HTML developers, who are usually referred to as web developers, command impressive salaries. According to Glassdoor, the average web developer in the United States earns $68,524 per year. That is a great salary even for a job in tech. Senior web developers earn an average salary of $87,712 per year, which shows the opportunities for salary progression as you gain more experience as a web developer.

What Skills Do I Need to Master HTML

To learn HTML, you do not need any prior knowledge of programming. A basic understanding of how the web works is useful but not required. HTML is not a complicated skill to learn but anything you already know about the web or HTML will go a long way in helping you become proficient in coding in HTML

HTML is so approachable that the language is often taught in high school computing classes. With the right attitude almost anyone can learn HTML.

Where to Learn HTML

There are plenty of courses online you can use to learn HTML. But all beginners face a tough question: where should I start? With so many resources available, you may be unsure about where you should go. While we cannot say what will be the absolute best learning resource for you, we do have a few recommendations of top beginner HTML courses which may help you find a source from which to learn HTML.

‘HTML and CSS: Design and Build Websites’

• Author: Jon Duckett
• Price: $15.90
• Type of Resource: Book

This book is designed for beginners to HTML and CSS, the languages used to apply styles to websites. Starting from the beginning, you will learn about the basic building blocks of HTML and how to apply your skills to work on projects.

This book talks about HTML in the context of personal projects and professional work. By reading this book, you will develop an understanding of the myriad ways in which HTML may be useful to you.

This book is designed so you can skip to a particular chapter, or you can read the book in order. Indeed, this book is an excellent point of reference if you already know some HTML. But, the book really shines if you are just beginning your journey to learning HTML and CSS.

Learn HTML

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This interactive online course walks learners through the basics of coding in HTML. You will start by learning about how to structure a web page. Then, you will learn about representing data in tables and collecting information through forms. Toward the end of the course, you will learn to write semantic HTML to make your websites more accessible.

If you join this course with a Codecademy Pro membership ($19.99 per month) you will also be given three portfolio projects to build as you participate in the course. These projects will help you master the basics of HTML and give you somewhere you can point to showcase your skills.

Into to HTML and CSS

• Author: Udacity
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course starts at the beginning and walks you through the basics of HTML and CSS. You will learn how to use HTML tags and build an understanding of the structure of a HTML document. You will be given exercises to practice your skills throughout the course.

In the second half of the course, you will learn how to write CSS rules and debug issues in a CSS document. By taking this course, you will position yourself well to take Udacity’s front-end developer Nanodegree, a complete course on web development.

HTML5 Coding Essentials and Best Practices

• Author: W3C (on edX)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course was developed by the W3C, who sets the standards for various web concepts including the HTML language. In this course, you will learn the basics of HTML5, from structuring a web page to using animations on your web pages.

Because this course was designed by W3C, you can feel sure that all of the code you will learn about is compliant with industry standards. By the end of graduating this course, you will have a good understanding of using HTML5 and some of the HTML5 APIs.

Web Design for Beginners: Real World Coding in HTML & CSS

• Author: Brad Schiff (on Udemy)
• Price: $60.00
• Type of Resource: Course

This course, which features 51 downloadable resources and 11 hours of video content, teaches the basics of building a web page with HTML. You will cover the essentials of HTML, adding media to your web pages, and formatting your documents using semantic HTML.

This course also touches on the basics of CSS so you will graduate with a beginner’s understanding of how to apply styles to your website.

HTML Tutorials

You will find a whole range of websites with comprehensive tutorials on HTML. We have done some digging and found some excellent websites for you to take a look at. These sites are good to complement the courses above. The sites are also appropriate if you prefer to learn from written content versus videos and courses.

MDN Structuring the web with HTML

The Mozilla Developer Network website is filled with information about web development. They have a specific set of articles under the title “Structuring the web with HTML” , which cover the basics of HTML. The MDN site also has reference articles for all of the main HTML tags. Whether you are just starting to learn HTML, or need a point of reference for something you are learning, this site is worth a look.

W3Schools

The W3Schools HTML tutorial features dozens of tutorials on topics such as links, iframes, forms, and headings. In the style for which W3Schools is known, each article features detailed code snippets designed to help you learn a concept. You will also find interactive “Try it Yourself” exercises in which you can play around with the code from the tutorial you are reading.

HTML.com

The HTML.com website features a library of resources on various HTML topics, from information on various HTML tags to tutorials on structuring a HTML document. If you are looking for a detailed written tutorial to guide you through a HTML topic, you should give HTML.com a look.

A Guide to Learning HTML

Without HTML, we would have no internet. If you go into the “developer tools” section of your browser, you will see that even this page also exists as HTML. Every page on the internet uses HTML in some way. Text is marked up in <p> tags. The biggest titles are marked up in <h1> tags. But where should you start learning all about HTML?

To help you answer this question, we have done some research and prepared a list of the most basic HTML concepts with which you need to be familiar:

• Syntax. You should know how to put together a basic HTML page. You should also be able to clearly explain the purpose of the tags that must be included in a HTML page.
• Paragraphs and Text Formatting. Learn about <p> tags, headings, and the use of <pre> tags in formatting text on a web page.
• Links. Without links, it would be very difficult to navigate around the web. You should learn how to use links in your web pages.
• Linking to CSS and JavaScript Files. You should be able to link a HTML document to a CSS and/or a JavaScript file.
• Images. You should know how to display an image and set the size of that image on a web page.
• Tables and Lists. You should feel comfortable creating a table and a list and populating both tables and lists with some data.
• Sections and Page Layout. You should know how to divide content on a web page using a <div> tag and a <section> tag. You should also learn how to structure a web page.
• Semantics. Semantic web development helps preserve the usability of the web for everyone, especially those who depend on disability support technologies. You should understand the importance of semantics and how to format a web page using semantic HTML markup.
• <head> Tags. What goes into a <head> tag? You should be able to answer this question and explain all of the information websites tend to display in a <head> tag.
• Forms. You should be able to create a form in HTML that reads and accepts data submitted by a user.

Once you have learned about all of these concepts, you will have a good understanding of the basics of writing HTML documents.

How Long Does It Take to Learn HTML?

You can reasonably make your first HTML document within an hour or so of starting to learn the language. To build more complex web pages, expect to spend two or three weeks studying various HTML tags and how they work. After practicing your skills for a few more weeks, you will be able to code more advanced web pages with HTML.

The next logical step is learning how to use CSS, the technology which allows you to apply styles to your website. HTML alone does not take too much time to learn but when you start using CSS you will notice that there is so much more to study.

Should I Learn HTML?

If you want to build websites, you will need to have a strong understanding of HTML, whether you want to build the logic behind websites or the parts that a user will see. HTML is one of the building blocks of the internet and so you can bet most conversations about web development — especially with employers — will somehow drift into talking about HTML.

HTML is a valuable skill to learn. Websites are everywhere and new businesses see having websites as crucial. Companies make changes and improvements to their websites all the time. Without web developers, there would not be a web. Ask yourself whether you can imagine building websites in your career. If you can, and you feel a passion for building for the web, consider if learning HTML is right for you.

The post How to Learn HTML appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to answer the question, “how do you learn R programming?” We will start with the basics, explaining exactly what R is. Then we will discuss what you should know about R and where you can go to learn R programming.

What Is R Programming?

R is a programming language used for statistical and mathematical computing. It is commonly used in academic settings to analyze and process data and calculations. R has also become popular for companies that need to analyze large datasets, from social networks to streaming websites.

Designed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, the language is based on the S programming language. Using R, a programmer can analyze a dataset, create visualizations, conduct time-series analysis, clean datasets, and more. There are also libraries that extend the R programming language for specific purposes.

Jobs that Require R Programming Skills

R programming is mainly used in jobs that involve working with data. After all, R is designed for mathematical computing and working with data. In any job, you will probably be using R to clean, process, and analyze data. Here are a few jobs that may require R skills:

• Data analyst
• Data scientist
• Data engineer
• Academic researcher
• Machine learning engineer
• Artificial Intelligence engineer

All of these jobs involve working with data. For instance, an academic researcher may have a dataset on economic statistics from which they need to draw a conclusion. Or a machine learning engineer may use R to help inform a model they are putting together for a project.

It is worth noting there are other programming languages, like Python and Julia, used for data analysis. But R has become a mainstay in many data science teams and projects around the world because it is very powerful. R skills go a long way and there will always be a company out there looking for a skilled R developer.

What Industries Use R Programming?

The R programming language is used in a variety of industries because data analysis is useful in many settings. Businesses can use data science to improve their products and make more informed decisions. In academia, data science is used for research. Governments can use data science to compile national statistics.

Below is a list of some of the industries that use R programming:

• Finance
• Healthcare
• Social media
• E-commerce
• Research
• Manufacturing

All of these industries can apply data analysis and visualization principles in their work. R is a great tool to use for these purposes. It is flexible, powerful, and supported by a global community of developers who are working to improve and expand its applications.

Salary for R Programmers

According to Glassdoor, the average R programmer earns $113,309 per year. You may see R programmers being employed as data scientists, data analysts, machine learning engineers, artificial intelligence engineers, or in other positions that involve data.

The salary you earn applying your R skills will depend on what position you are working in. For instance, on average, machine learning engineers earn more than the average data analyst ($114,121 versus $62,453). Of course, the more experience you have, the more you are likely to earn.

What Skills Do I Need to Master R Programming

To learn R programming, you will need a good understanding of data science theory. R has a steep learning curve, so any preexisting knowledge of data science will go a long way to helping you understand the basics of this programming language. You will encounter data science topics as soon as you start learning R. 

An understanding of mathematics and statistics is also useful. While you can pick up a lot about mathematics as you learn R, there are a lot of concepts you will need to sit down and learn independently. You will need to be familiar with statistical analysis, standard deviations, mean, median, mode, and range.

Where to Learn R Programming

There are many websites and courses online devoted to teaching R programming, from the basics all the way to more advanced principles. This is good news for you: there is plenty of options to learn R, so you are likely to find one that suits your learning style.

Below is a list of five learning resources you can use to study R programming.

R Programming

• Author: Johns Hopkins University (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

Taught by Johns Hopkins University staff, this online course will get you started with data analysis using the R programming language. You will learn how to configure your R software and how to write R programs to analyze a dataset. You will also learn to use R debugging tools to find and solve issues in your programs.

This course takes approximately 57 hours to complete and is recommended for those who already know something about regression, a topic that is essential in data analysis. By the end of this course, you should feel comfortable reading data into R, profiling your code, and analyzing data using various techniques.

Data Analysis with R

• Author: Facebook (on Udacity)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course, created by Facebook, discusses how to analyze data with the R programming language. With a self-paced learning approach and interactive quizzes, it normally takes about two months to complete.  

You will start by learning about exploratory data analysis and the basics of R. You will then learn to explore one, two, and more variables in your data analysis studies. At the end of the course, you will learn to investigate a dataset alongside a data scientist from Facebook. You will also work on a project to practice all of the skills you learned.

Introduction to R for Data Science

• Author: Purdue University and The Center for Science of Information (on FutureLearn)
• Price: To be announced
• Type of Resource: Course

This introductory course explores what you need to know to start using the R programming language. No prior experience with R is necessary. You don’t even need to install any R tools to get started; the course will guide you through installing the R toolkit on your computer.

In this course, you will learn to import data into R, use vectors, manipulate data, and make data-driven decisions based on your analysis of a dataset.

Introduction to R

• Author: DataCamp
• Price: First module free, other modules require a subscription ($25.00/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

This course is divided into six modules that cover various R topics. You will start by learning to use the R console and building an understanding of the data types in R. Over the course of the next five modules, you will learn about vectors, matrices, factors, data frames, and lists.

With this course, you will learn what you need to know to analyze a dataset using R. Likewise, you will understand how to work with some of the key features in the R language.

R for Data Science

• Author: Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: eBook

This eBook will teach you how to start analyzing datasets with R. You will start by learning the data analysis workflow and the basics of exploratory data analysis. As you progress through this book, you will learn to wrangle (clean) datasets, build models, and communicate information from your analysis.

This book starts with the very basics, so don’t worry about not having any prior knowledge of the language. The creators of the website also promise to keep the eBook free to use, which means you will be able to continue going back to this text throughout your learning journey.

R Programming Tutorials

A lot of learning resources on the Internet are presented in the form of tutorials rather than full courses. These tutorials can be helpful if you seek to learn a specific concept or if you just want to dip your toes.

Getting started with R and RStudio by Coding Club

This tutorial is a resource if you are not ready to commit to a course and want to explore the basics of R. Requiring little commitment to get started, this tutorial walks you through how to download R and RStudio, a tool used in R development. You will then learn a bit about how to analyze a dataset using various R techniques.

swirl: Learn R in R

swirl is an R package that will teach you how to use R in the actual R console. This tool is designed to be highly interactive, thus suitable for beginners who have just installed R and are still finding their way around it. swirl features courses on the basics of R, the R programming environment, cleaning data, and more.

Rachael’s R Tutorials on Kaggle

Rachael Tatman, a data scientist at Kaggle, has compiled a list of her tutorials in this post. These tutorials span a wide range of topics, from getting started in R to visualizing data. In this post, she explains exactly what you will learn in each of her tutorials so you can choose the guides that meet your needs.

A Guide to Learning R Programming

Where do you start learning R? The R language is quite complicated so it is wise that you take a moment to consider where you should begin your learning journey. To help you get started, we have researched which topics R beginners must study first:

• Background and Syntax: What is R? What does a line of R code look like? Why was R created? Knowing the answers to these questions means you have a solid foundation upon which to build your knowledge of R.
• Calculations and Data Types: You should learn how to run basic mathematical operations in the R language. You will also need to know what types of data you can store in R and how you can use those types of data in your programs.
• Conditionals and Loops: Conditionals control which lines of code are run in a program and which ones are not. Loops reduce repetition by running the same lines of code a specified number of times. You will need to learn about both of these topics early on.
• Cleaning Data: R is commonly used to prepare a dataset for analysis. You should learn about what data cleaning is and what techniques you can use to clean data using R.
• Reading Data from Files: You should feel comfortable reading data from files and using the data from files in your analysis.
• Analyzing Data: You should research the main ways in which data is analyzed. For instance, you should be familiar with concepts like mean, median, mode, and range calculations, as well as other statistical techniques used for analyzing data.
• Preparing Hypotheses: Data studies begin with a question that needs to be answered or a theory that needs to be proven or disproven. You should learn how to write and test a hypothesis.
• Data Visualization: Once you develop a solid understanding of data analysis, you should learn how to turn the data you have analyzed into graphs and charts.

The above list is by no means comprehensive. R is a powerful language and, as a result, there are a lot of features that you can learn. However, the above topics will give you a good footing in R and prepare you for some of the more advanced features further down the line.

How Long Does it Take to Learn R Programming?

R has a steep learning curve, which means you should expect to invest a considerable amount of time learning it. You may be able to learn the basics within about a month of study. You may need to spend an additional two or three months refining your skills before you feel ready to take on more advanced challenges.

Learning R to the point where you are ready to enter the workforce is a completely different story. You will probably need to study for about six months to a year to learn what you need to use R on a professional project. Even then, you may only be able to get an entry-level job with the knowledge you’ve acquired. Like any skill, the key to mastering R is practice.

Should I Learn R Programming?

Do you see yourself sitting behind a desk analyzing data at work? Do you find numbers and statistics fascinating? Do you like solving complex problems? These are the sorts of questions you need to entertain if you are considering studying R.

Compared to Python, another language used for data analysis, R is quite difficult to use. There is a lot you will need to learn before you can use R effectively. With that in mind, the time you spend learning R will pay off; there are so many companies out there that need talented data workers who know how to use R.

Learning R programming is a personal decision, and a big one too. Before you go deep into the weeds and get lost among lines of code, make sure you feel confident that R is the right technology for you.

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