In this guide, we’re going to discuss how to learn JavaScript. This is a big question so we will break it down into smaller parts. We will first discuss what JavaScript is and what you need to know about the language. Later, we will talk about what resources you can use to learn JavaScript.

What Is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a programming language used for web development. This language lets you add interactive features to websites, such as content that changes after a period of time or when you interact with the website in some way. JavaScript is almost always used alongside HTML and CSS in web development.

HTML itself was designed to state the structure of a web page so browsers know how to display a page. CSS, on the other hand, styles web pages. But neither of these languages was built for interactive features. That’s why we have JavaScript. Today, JavaScript is part of most modern websites. It can make websites easier to use and more functional.

Jobs that Require JavaScript Skills

JavaScript skills are a requirement in almost every web development job. Most modern websites have JavaScript features on the front end (the part the user sees); as a web developer, you will be responsible for maintaining existing JavaScript code and building new features in JavaScript.

JavaScript is also used on the backend through frameworks like Node.js. While many companies use technologies other than JavaScript frameworks for their backend architecture, you may still be asked JavaScript-related questions or be tasked to write JavaScript code at some point in your job. Thus, knowing JavaScript is a key skill for backend web developers.

What Companies Use JavaScript?

Because JavaScript is one of the building blocks of the Internet, almost every company with a website uses it to some extent. Even companies that use drag-and-drop website builders will have JavaScript on their websites (however, the company would most likely not have asked someone to write JavaScript if they use a website builder).

To show you how widespread JavaScript is, we have prepared a list of companies that use this language:

• New York Times
• PayPal
• Netflix
• Uber
• BBC
• Amazon

The list could go on and on. If you see a website that changes when you interact with it, you can bet that it is probably using JavaScript in some way.

Salary for JavaScript Developers

JavaScript developers are likely to pursue one of three career paths: front end, backend, or full stack web development. Front end web developers earn an average salary of $76,929 per year. Backend developers earn an average of $101,619. Full stack developers, meanwhile, earn $105,813 on average per year. These statistics were sources from Glassdoor.

What Skills Do I Need to Master JavaScript

You will need a working understanding of HTML and CSS to use JavaScript. JavaScript is normally used to make HTML documents more interactive; without HTML, there would be no web page to make interactive. Without an understanding of HTML and CSS, you will struggle to pick up the basics of JavaScript.

A good understanding of how the web works is valuable, too. For instance, knowing how web applications are structured and how web pages are rendered is useful knowledge. But you can pick up all of this knowledge as you learn about JavaScript. Thus, having a good understanding of the web is preferred, but not required.

Where to Learn JavaScript

Where can you learn JavaScript? That is a great question. With so many resources available online, you may struggle to choose a single place from which to learn JavaScript. We have prepared a list of some top JavaScript learning resources to help you out.

Learn JavaScript Online

• Author: learnjavascript.online
• Price: First 40 lessons free, $55 for full access to all 300 lessons and more
• Type of Resource: Interactive tutorial

Learn JavaScript Online is a practical, interactive course. You will be presented with exercises to complete in your browser. The Learn JavaScript Online coding environment is built to show the output of your code and to test the code you have written. This means you will have good visibility into what your code is doing and whether the answers to challenges you are given meet specifications.

This online course covers the basics of JavaScript, from using JSON to working with strings, arrays, and variables. You will also be given real-world projects to practice your skills after you have learned the theory behind certain concepts in the classroom. To accompany these projects, there are also flashcards you can use to revise what you learn.

Learn JavaScript – Full Course for Beginners

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This video, which lasts almost three and a half hours, is a comprehensive introduction to JavaScript. You will start by learning how to run JavaScript. Then, you will go on to learn a range of JavaScript concepts, from adding numbers to modifying arrays. In the second part of the course, you will learn about concepts introduced to JavaScript in ES6, a major update of the language.

The instructor in this course breaks down concepts in a way that is easy to understand. This video comes with a list of times so that you can skip to the concepts you really want to learn about. This list of times is available in the first comment in the YouTube comments section.

The Complete JavaScript Course 2021: From Zero to Expert!

• Author: Jonas Schmedtmann
• Price: $59.99
• Type of Resource: course

In this course, you will learn to build your own JavaScript web applications. At the start of the course, you will study the basics of JavaScript and how it works. You will then learn about features like functions, arrays, numbers, events, and more, all of which will be useful in your day-to-day JavaScript coding.

This course will walk you through building six real-world projects you can display on your portfolio. The author promises to help you become “job-ready” by introducing you to exactly the concepts and skills you need to know in professional JavaScript environments.

HTML, CSS, and Javascript for Web Developers

• Author: Johns Hopkins University (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course is an introduction to web development, starting from scratch. At the beginning of the course, you will learn how to build basic web pages with HTML and CSS. In week four of the course, you will be introduced to JavaScript. You will then move on to using some JavaScript to build interactive web applications.

This course is worth a look if you have no prior knowledge of web development and are starting from scratch. With a range of quizzes, reading materials, and exercises on which to work, you will have no trouble mastering the basics of web development and JavaScript.

Learn JavaScript

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course, which takes an estimated 30 hours to complete,  will teach you the basics of JavaScript and object-oriented development. You will start by learning about data types, variables, and built-in methods. You will then go on to explore topics like conditionals, functions, arrays, and more.

With the Pro version of this course, you will be tasked with working on three portfolio projects to reinforce the skills you have learned in class. For instance, you will be asked to create a magic eight ball using JavaScript.

By the end of this course, you will have a good understanding of how to work with JavaScript to build interactive websites. You will also understand asynchronous programming in JavaScript.

JavaScript Tutorials

Do you prefer to learn from written tutorials? Or do you need somewhere you can go for code snippets on topics you are learning about? That’s where tutorials are useful. To help you find a tutorial that is right for you, we have prepared a list of three top JavaScript tutorial websites.

JavaScript.info

The Modern JavaScript Tutorial on JavaScript.info comes with dozens of tutorials on JavaScript concepts, from the fundamentals of JavaScript to working with objects and using various data types. Each tutorial features extensive descriptions and code snippets to help you master the topic at hand.

The tutorials all flow in logical order — from beginner topics to more advanced ones — so you should have no trouble finding the resource for which you are looking.

MDN JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting Guide

The Mozilla Developer Network JavaScript guides are a great place to learn about JavaScript. Many of the guides are written for beginners to the language, introducing the JavaScript “building blocks” and other essential topics. But once you have mastered the basics, you can go on to find more advanced tutorials and reference documentation on this site.

W3Schools JavaScript Tutorials

W3Schools has a large library of JavaScript tutorials, covering the basics of JavaScript, working with the DOM, AJAX, and more. Each article comes with exercises you can play around with yourself in the browser, as well as code snippets you can use in your own work.

This site is a great place to go if you need a refresher on a particular concept. W3Schools is also worth checking out if you are starting to learn JavaScript from scratch and want to get a solid foundation in the language.

A Guide to Learning JavaScript

There is a lot you can learn about JavaScript because the language has evolved a lot over the years. Developers have found new ways of using the language. There are even frameworks that build upon JavaScript. But before you can move on to making advanced websites or exploring these frameworks, you need to have a solid understanding of the basics of JavaScript.

Below is a list of a few topics you need to know about when you start learning JavaScript.

• Using JavaScript: What is JavaScript? How does this technology change web pages? You should be able to answer both of these questions before you start coding. You should also learn the basics of JavaScript syntax.
• Variables and Data Types: You should learn about the basic data types used in JavaScript. You will also need to know about the three types of variables: let, var, and const.
• Conditionals and Operators: Conditionals control the flow of a program. You should learn how to use the if/else statement and the main operators used with this statement.
• Arrays: You should learn how to add, change, and remove items from an array. 
• Loops: Loops help reduce the repetition in a program. You should feel comfortable using for, for/of, and for/in loops to loop through items in a list.
• DOM: You need to know about the JS and HTML Document Object Model. You will use DOM methods to change the contents of a web page. For instance, you can use the DOM to add animations to a web page, create event listeners, or change CSS styles.
• Functions: Spend some time reading up on JavaScript functions and how to pass data to and receive data from functions.
• Working with Objects: Learn about how to declare and manipulate an object, and work with methods in an object.
• Handling Errors: You should read about some of the more common JavaScript errors and how to fix them. You will probably learn more about this topic as you code in JavaScript because errors come up all the time in day-to-day coding.
• AJAX: AJAX lets you show data on a web page after it has been initially loaded. You should learn about how AJAX principles are used in JavaScript and feel comfortable implementing AJAX web features.

The above list is by no means comprehensive. There is a lot you will need to know. As you learn the beginner concepts, you will slowly build a mental map of what you need to learn next to achieve your goals.

How Long Does it Take to Learn JavaScript?

You will be able to incorporate some JavaScript into a web page after an hour or two of learning the basics of JavaScript. To learn enough JavaScript to build more complex web applications, expect to spend at least three months learning. If you want to work in a job that requires knowledge of JavaScript, you will need at least six months of practice first.

While the basics of JavaScript are quite easy to learn, JavaScript is used in so many different ways that you could spend years studying the language. People who become web developers know that the technologies used for building websites do change and that new ways of using existing technologies arise. So, you can expect to be learning about JavaScript for your entire career; the learning journey never stops.

Should I Learn JavaScript?

Do you want to build websites? If the answer to this question is yes, then learning JavaScript is a great use of your time. Without JavaScript, most of the interactive features you see on the internet today—like elements that appear when you click buttons or boxes with images that automatically change—would not exist.

JavaScript was designed for front end web development. However, some frameworks such as Node.js let you use JavaScript on the backend of your application, too. This means you can code some of the logic behind your web application in JavaScript.

You need to take some time to ask yourself whether you want to learn JavaScript. Are you willing to spend months learning this technology, and even longer refining your skills? Are you absolutely sure you want to build websites? If so, then maybe learning JavaScript is a good choice for you.

The post How to Learn JavaScript appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to discuss what you need to do to learn Ruby on Rails. We will talk about the basics of Ruby on Rails, what jobs you can get with this skill, and what resources you can use to learn this framework.

What Is Ruby on Rails?

Ruby on Rails (RoR) is a backend web development framework written in the Ruby programming language. This framework follows the model-view-controller architecture and can be used to interface with databases and serve webpages. Ruby on Rails was initially released in August of 2004 by David Heinemeier Hansson.

RoR has become popular because it is efficient for creating backend web architectures. Due to the architecture of Ruby itself, and the design of RoR, you can do more with less code using this framework. In addition, RoR is well documented so there are a lot of examples of how to make the best use of the language.

Jobs that Require Ruby on Rails Skills

The job that requires Ruby on Rails skills the most is backend developer. Many companies looking for backend developers ask for experience specifically with Ruby on Rails. However, not all backend developer positions require Ruby on Rails experience.

You will also use a lot of Ruby on Rails if you join a team as a full stack developer, a position that tackles both the front and backends of a website. This assumes, of course, you join a team that works with Ruby on Rails.

What Companies Use Ruby on Rails?

Are there any examples of companies that actively use Ruby on Rails? Yes, there are plenty. Ruby on Rails has been around for a long time. In the time since the release of RoR, many companies have adopted this framework on their technology stacks.

Here are a few companies that use RoR:

• Dribbble
• Airbnb
• Bloomberg
• GitHub
• Hulu
• Twitter
• SoundCloud
• Kickstarter
• GoodReads

These are only a few names that use Ruby on Rails. Many more companies, large and small, use this technology because it is powerful and has a logical architecture. From the list above, you can see that Ruby on Rails is used by many prestigious names, from book-reviewing sites (GoodReads) and finance companies (Bloomberg) to networking platforms (Dribble).

Salary for Ruby on Rails Developers

According to Glassdoor, the average salary for a Ruby on Rails developer is $75,526 per year. Senior Ruby on Rails developers earn an average of $87,712, which shows that there are clear opportunities for salary increases as you develop more experience building RoR apps. These salaries are commensurate with those offered by a lot of web development jobs.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Ruby on Rails?

To learn Ruby on Rails, you must have a working knowledge of Ruby. RoR is based on the Ruby programming language, after all. If you do not learn Ruby first, you will probably get confused at many points in your journey learning RoR. You may also come to associate with RoR concepts that are actually part of the Ruby language, not the framework.

You will also need a working knowledge of HTML and CSS. Ideally, you will also know JavaScript. You will use these technologies to build the front end of the websites you develop on RoR.

Good knowledge of the model-view-controller architecture is helpful because this is the structure upon which RoR was designed. However, you can learn this architecture when you start researching RoR; the model-view-controller architecture is mentioned a lot in RoR tutorials and courses. 

Where to Learn Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails is a well-documented framework and has a strong community of developers who have produced their own content on RoR.

As a result, you have plenty of resources you can choose to learn. Because it can take a while to find a resource that is right for you, we have prepared a list of some of the top RoR learning resources out there:

Ruby on Rails Tutorial Book

• Author: Michael Harti
• Price: $39 (with free chapters)
• Type of Resource: eBook

The Ruby on Rails Tutorial is an ebook that covers most of what you need to know about the Ruby on Rails framework, from setting up an example app to building dynamic pages. Each tutorial has a conversational tone and comes with code snippets that are explained in depth. These two features make it easy to follow along with what the author is saying in each tutorial.

Most of the tutorials in this book can only be accessed after paying for the ebook.

 Learn Ruby on Rails for Beginners

• Author: Go Rails
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will get you up and running with RoR by walking you through the development of a web application. The tutorial starts at the beginning with a guide on installing RoR and setting up your application. Then, you will learn more theory that is grounded in the examples that accompany each tutorial.

Tutorials range from using routes to the link_to method to creating a User model to store data in your application. Each tutorial is only a few minutes long so you can quickly start practicing a topic after watching the video.

Learn Ruby on Rails

• Author: Codecademy Pro
• Price: Pro membership ($19.99/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

Codecademy’s Learn Ruby on Rails course is a good way to get started with RoR. You will start by learning how to set up an application from scratch. You will then move on to adding a database to your project. Later, you will learn about the ways in which you can build relationships between models in your applications.

This course features three portfolio projects on which you can work to practice your skills. For example, you will create a website for a static landing page.

Code School: Rails for Zombies

• Author: Gregg Pollack (on Pluralsight)
• Price: Pluralsight membership ($29/month)
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will teach you how to build a web application with Ruby on Rails. You will start by learning how to set up an application and create a database. You will then learn about models, views, and controllers, with reference to how they are implemented in an application. By the end of the course, you should have a good understanding of how to use RoR.

Agile Web Development with Rails 6

• Author: Sam Ruby, David Bryand Copeland, and Dave Thomas
• Price: $29.95
• Type of Resource: ebook

According to the authors, this book will help you learn RoR the way the core team intended. You will start by installing Rails and slowly work your way through the theory of RoR apps and building an application. Later in the book, you will be tasked with creating an application step-by-step over the course of several sections.

Learn Ruby on Rails – Full Course

• Author: Codemy.com
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

Taught by freeCodeCamp, this video walks you through the basics of using Ruby on Rails. You will start by installing Rails and learning a bit about the framework. You will go on to build your first webpage and learn about the model-view-controller architecture.

Later in the application, you will learn how to style the application you have built, use Active Record, and more. You will find all of the source code for this course in a dedicated GitHub repository that you can refer to throughout your learning.

Ruby on Rails Tutorials

There are many tutorials that teach Ruby on Rails. These tutorials are ideal if you prefer to learn from articles rather than videos or like to supplement your learning with written content. Below we have curated some top Ruby on Rails tutorials for you to take a look at.

Ruby on Rails Guides

The Ruby on Rails Guides website is a repository of tutorials that will help you get started with various Ruby on Rails features. The first guide tackles getting started with Rails. Later guides talk about using Active Record, views, and more advanced topics.

Each guide features extensive descriptions and code snippets that you can use to inform your own work. Guides are produced in accordance with a strict contributing guide so you can be assured the material you read has been well thought out and tested.

The Odin Project Ruby on Rails

The Odin Project has a dedicated section on their website to Ruby on Rails tutorials. The Ruby on Rails tutorial directory is split up into sections like “Rails Basics” and “Active Record Basics”, each of which features a set of tutorials and projects to reinforce your skills.

The tutorials on The Odin Project do not stop at beginner concepts: later you will find guides on advanced forms, APIs, mailers, and more. The tutorials on this site contain detailed explanations of each programming concept as well as code snippets.

A Guide to Learning Ruby on Rails Basics

What topics do beginners to Ruby on Rails need to know? This is an important question to answer because starting at the wrong place can make it more difficult for you to advance your knowledge of RoR. Below we have listed some of the key topics you will need to learn about at the start of your RoR learning journey.

• Architecture: What is Ruby on Rails? Why is the framework used? What architecture is RoR based on? These are all questions you should be able to answer before you start coding with Ruby on Rails.
• Starting a Project: You should learn how to initialize a new project with Ruby on Rails and create a webpage using routes and a controller.
• Views and Controllers: Views and controllers are essential components in an RoR app. You should learn how to create, modify, and delete views and controllers.
• Routes: You should feel comfortable creating and managing routes in a web application.
• Active Record: Once you have created your first application, you should familiarize yourself with the Active Record database system. This includes learning about how to create a migration and an association and run a query. Once you have learned these concepts, you should study how to create many-to-many associations in Active Record.
• Forms: RoR forms are usually built upon Active Record. You should learn how to implement forms in your website once you have set up an Active Record database.

The above topics are a taste of what you will need to know as you begin learning RoR. However, the above list is by no means a complete syllabus. There is a lot to learn about RoR; you will discover more topics to study as you keep learning.

How Long Does it Take to Learn Ruby on Rails?

It usually takes around one or two weeks to feel comfortable with the basics of Ruby on Rails and perhaps about a month before you can set up an application without having to refer too much to notes or guides. Expect to spend about two to four months refining your skills. If you want to use Rails in a job, you will probably need to study it for about six months.

Should I Learn Ruby on Rails?

Ruby on Rails is a popular technology for backend web development, used all around the world by companies like Twitter and GitHub. Rails is based on a model-view-controller framework and gives you the features you need to build powerful web applications.

If you want to become a full stack or a backend web developer, Ruby on Rails is a great skill to have. Not all companies use Ruby on Rails but those that do will almost certainly require at least some experience or projects you can show them to prove your knowledge of the framework.

Even companies that do not use Ruby on Rails will see your knowledge of the framework as an indication of your interest in web development, which may take you further in an interview process.

Spend some time pondering whether you see yourself as a backend or full stack web developer, the people who help create the logic behind web apps. If you do see yourself in this position, learning Ruby on Rails may be a good investment of your time.

The post How to Learn Ruby on Rails appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to talk about the basics of learning Python. We will start by discussing what Python is and what you should learn about Python. Then, we will spend some time looking at top Python resources online.

What is Python?

Python, released in 1991 by Guido van Rossum, is a general-purpose programming language. This means Python can be and is used for a range of purposes. The language uses the object-oriented architecture which means data can be stored in objects whose structure is based on classes. The language is used for data science, mathematics, software development, and more.

The Python programming language is known for its syntax. Said to resemble English in many ways, the Python syntax is easy to read, which means that beginners can easily understand the contents of a program. In addition to the simple syntax, Python is well documented. You should have no trouble finding an answer to a Python question you have by searching for an answer online.

Jobs that Require Python Skills

There are plenty of jobs that require Python skills. This is because Python has proven to be a powerful language and it was not designed for any one purpose. Whereas R, for instance, was designed specifically for data analysis, Python has no one “best purpose.” Here are a few jobs in which you could apply your Python skills:

• Software engineer
• Back-end web developer
• Full-stack web developer
• Data analyst
• Data scientist
• Data engineer

You may also use your Python skills to a lesser extent in other technical careers, such as systems administrator or database administrator.

What Industries Use Python?

Python is used across industries because the language has a general purpose. You will see tech startups, tech giants, and businesses in other sectors aside from tech using Python in some way. Here is a list of some industries that use Python in some way:

• Healthcare
• Social media
• Gaming and media
• Cybersecurity
• FinTech
• Finance

This list is based on a 2016 survey by HackerRank which tracked which coding languages various types of employers were looking for in prospective employees.

Salary for Python Developers

Developers who are skilled in Python can expect to command an excellent salary. According to PayScale, the average Python Developer earns $79,395 per year. You can expect to earn much more if you specialize in an area related to data science, where Python skills are valued to a greater extent due to the complexity of the work.

The salary you earn will depend on your seniority. Junior Python developers may earn a bit less than the average mentioned above. Senior Python developers, who usually have years of industry experience, may earn significantly more than the salary mentioned above.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Python

To become a proficient Python developer, you do not need any background in programming. A propensity for thinking critically or analytically will go a long way because programming often involves thinking about multiple solutions to a problem and choosing the best one. Problem solving skills will help, too.

As you learn Python, you will naturally pick up more skills that you will need. For instance, if you decide to become a back-end web developer you will probably pick up what you need to know about the architecture of websites as you study.

Where to Learn Python

There are hundreds if not thousands of online courses that cover the Python language. This is reasonable because Python is an incredibly popular language, so much so that many high school computing classes now teach Python. To help you start learning Python, we have compiled a list of top Python courses, which you can find below.

Learn Python 3 

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Pro membership ($19.99/month)
• Type of Resource: Online tutorials

The Codecademy Learn Python 3 course teaches you the basics of coding in Python. You will start by writing a “Hello, World!” program and then you will gradually work your way up through concepts like using if statements, working with lists, and using loops.

This course features an interactive coding environment so you can follow along with examples as you learn. You will work on a total of three portfolio projects that will let you demonstrate your skills to other people, including prospective employers if you decide to pursue a career using your Python skills.

Introduction to Python Programming

• Author: Udacity
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

Produced by Udacity, this course will guide you through everything you need to know about the basics of Python. This course covers why you should learn Python, the various data types supported by Python, working with functions, and scripting.

Alongside this course there are quizzes and interactive exercises in which you can participate. These exercises will help you apply the theory you have learned and become more familiar with the Python syntax.

Python for Everybody Specialization

• Author: University of Michigan (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course, which requires no prior programming experience, will walk you through the basics of Python. You will start by learning the syntax of Python. Then, you will learn about data structures such as lists, dictionaries, and tuples.

Later in the course, you will learn how to access data through APIs using Python and how to interact with databases in your Python programs. At the end of the course, you will be tasked with completing a capstone project designed to bring all the skills you have learned so far into one challenging project.

2021 Complete Python Bootcamp From Zero to Hero in Python

• Author: Jose Portilla (on Udemy)
• Price: $60.00
• Type of Resource: Course

This course starts at the very beginning and helps you set up a coding environment. You will then learn about using Python data structures, using methods and functions, and more. Toward the end of the course, you will explore more advanced features like generators, modules, web scraping, and working with PDFs and CSV files.

This course is designed to take you from being a beginner to Python to feeling comfortable writing more advanced programs. Although, having a few weeks of experience with Python before you take this course may be a good idea: the course moves quickly so the more background knowledge you have, the better.

Learn Python Programming Masterclass

• Author: Tim Buchalka and Jean-Paul Roberts (on Udemy)
• Price: $60.00
• Type of Resource: Course

This course, which features 61 hours of video and 32 coding exercises, is designed to help beginners get started with the Python programming language.

You will start by setting up your programming environment. Later, you will learn about lists, tuples, and working with functions. Toward the end of the course, you will take a good look at object-oriented programming in Python, which is an essential topic beginners must learn about.

A Guide to Learning Python

The Python programming programming language may be friendly to beginners but that does not mean the language is not used for more advanced purposes. Today, companies like Google, Facebook, Netflix, and Dropbox all use Python.

But what do you need to know to master the basics of Python? We have compiled a short list of topics you should look at as you learn Python:

• Hello World. The “Hello, World!” script is the most basic Python program. This script will introduce you to the Python syntax and get you up and running in the Python programming language.
• Variables and Data Types. You should learn about how numbers, strings, and lists are stored in Python. You should also learn how values are assigned to variables.
• Program Flow. Learn how to use if…else statements to decide when a line of code should and should not run.
• Lists. Spend time reading about how to store and retrieve items from lists. You should also learn how to manipulate the contents of a list.
• Loops and Functions. Learn how to use for loops to automate a repetitive task. You should also learn how to use functions to reduce repetition in your code.
• Dictionaries. Dictionaries are a way of storing data that is mapped to a key name. You need to know how to work with dictionaries and change the values in a dictionary.
• Classes and Objects. You should learn how to create a class in Python and create an object of that class.

These are only a few of the many topics beginners to Python should learn. We also recommend you spend time looking at:

• Manipulating strings
• The operators you can use with if statements
• Working with files
• Lambda functions
• Working with modules
• Debugging

With a solid understanding of all of the concepts mentioned above, you will be on your way to becoming a proficient Python developer.

How Long Does it Take to Learn Python?

Assuming you study for an hour or so a day, you can reasonably learn the basics of Python within a month or so of starting to learn. If you want to become a professional Python developer, expect to spend about six months refining your skills and preparing for the workforce.

These numbers are just estimates. It is impossible to say exactly how long it will take you to learn Python. But because the language is so well-known for being friendly for beginners to learn, the right attitude and a willingness to study will take you a long way.

Should I Learn Python?

The Python programming language is used around the world for data science, web development, systems development, and more. The language is not exclusively used by technology companies: it is not difficult to find a tech-driven company in other industries who use Python in some way.

Python is a great investment in your career. The language is much easier to learn than other programming languages, meaning learning Python can be a good way to get your foot in the door before you explore other technologies. And there are no signs that indicate Python will be any less important in the future.

Ask yourself: do you want to learn how to code? Do you want to work with data, or help build the logic behind websites, or help create software? Asking yourself these sorts of questions will help you make an informed decision about whether you should learn Python.

The post How to Learn Python appeared first on Job Training Hub.

In this guide, we’re going to chat through how you can learn SQL. We will start with the basics: what is SQL and what jobs require SQL? Then, we will move onto where you can go to learn SQL, with reference to books and courses.

What is SQL?

Structured Query Language, or SQL (said as “es-que-el” or “see-quel”), allows you to store information in and access information from a database. SQL allows you to modify individual values in a database or entire rows. You can also remove or add new rows in a database. SQL is an international standard and to this day is one of the fundamental skills for database management.

There are many implementations of SQL. For instance, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, MySQL, and Microsoft Access all implement SQL, too, but each tool has their own features that database administrators can use. Ultimately, however, all of these databases use a very similar syntax for creating, updating, and deleting records because they all follow the SQL standard.

Jobs that Require SQL Skills

SQL is an essential skill in any job that involves manipulating data. For instance, data scientists need to know SQL because a lot of their work involves analyzing data from databases. Below is a list of the main jobs that require SQL skills:

• Back-end web developer
• Full-stack web developer
• Data analyst
• Data scientist
• Data engineer
• Database administrator
• Systems engineer

These are only a few of the many positions that require knowledge of SQL. All of these positions involve working with data in some way, from administering a database to writing queries to manipulate the contents of a database.

What Industries Use SQL?

SQL is used in most industries that need to store data. Even Microsoft Access, which is used often in business settings and is a drag-and-drop tool, is based on SQL. Below are a few examples of industries that use databases:

• Healthcare
• Manufacturing
• Finance and banking
• Construction
• Online media
• E-commerce

Any industry that needs to keep logs of something could make use of databases. For instance, construction companies may use SQL to keep track of employee data, perhaps through a tool like Microsoft Access. Healthcare companies may use databases to keep track of patient records.

People who use technology powered by SQL may not know it because a lot of database tools abstract away from the language because SQL is not intuitive in many cases where someone may want to use a database.

Salary for SQL Developers

People skilled in SQL can demand excellent salaries. According to Glassdoor, the average database administrator, who will most likely work with SQL every day, earns $78,779 per year. The average data analyst, who is also very likely to work with SQL, earns $62,453 per year. As you get more experience working with data, your salary prospects will improve. Some positions that use SQL, like data scientist, have average salaries above $100,000 per year.

What Skills Do I Need to Master SQL

You do not need to have any knowledge of programming to learn SQL. An understanding of a programming language is helpful, but definitely not required. A good knowledge of basic mathematics is also useful as some database calculations can involve math. But, you can pick up most of what you will need to use as you learn more about SQL.

You can learn SQL even with little knowledge about programming or data science so SQL is a good entry way into data careers. Your SQL skills could take you on to a range of careers in data, if you study and work hard.

Where to Learn SQL

Where can you learn about SQL? SQL has been around for decades so it is easy to find SQL learning resources online. We have compiled a list of some of the top SQL learning resources which you can use to start learning SQL.

Learn SQL

• Author: Codecademy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

The Codecademy Learn SQL course, which takes an estimated eight hours to complete, teaches the basics of SQL. You will learn topics such as updating data in a database, using aggregate functions, and performing both simple and more complex queries.

In the Pro version of this course ( $19.99 per month), you will be tasked with working on four interactive projects. These projects, which include creating your own table, will allow you deepen your understanding of the syntax you learn in class.

Intro to SQL: Querying and managing data

• Author: Khan Academy
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

The Khan Academy Intro to SQL Course is a great place to start your journey learning SQL. You will start by learning the basics of SQL and then move onto writing more advanced queries using statements like AND, CASE, and HAVING.

This course comes with plenty of challenges which will push your knowledge of SQL and encourage you to write queries for yourself. By the end of completing this course, you will know how to write basic and relational queries and how to modify a database.

Introduction to Databases and SQL

• Author: Raspberry Pi Foundation and Teach Computing (on FutureLearn)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course will teach you how to use SQL to search for and manipulate data in a database. This course was written for beginners to databases and goes on over the course of three weeks. You will start by learning what a database is and then discuss how to use SQL. Toward the end of the course, you will explore data analytics, relationships, and adapting databases.

Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)

• Author: University of Michigan (on Coursera)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

In this course, you will learn how to use SQL in the context of web development. You will start by installing PHP and SQL. PHP and SQL are often used together to create web pages capable of storing data. Then, you will learn the basics of SQL and how to design a database.

This course is excellent if you have a basic understanding of PHP and want to learn how to use SQL. In total, this course will take about 16 hours to complete, according to Coursera.

SQL Tutorial – Full Database Course for Beginners

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This tutorial, which lasts four hours, covers the basics of working with SQL. You will start at the very beginning and learn to install MySQL, a database client, on your computer. You will then learn how to create tablets, and insert data into tables.

This video is intense so you may find yourself pausing and coming back to concepts later. But, the instructor is eloquent in their teaching and walks you through how queries are written and how they work.

A Guide to Learning SQL

What do you need to know to become an SQL developer? That is a good question. SQL can get quite complicated but when you learn the basics you will realise that all the more complicated queries are built up with the same building blocks.

To help you master those building blocks, we have prepared a list of some beginner concepts you need to know:

• Syntax. What is a query? What is a statement? How is a query formatted? What is a row and a column? You should be able to answer these questions before you go any further in your learning.
• SELECT. You should learn how to retrieve information from a database using a SELECT statement.
• WHERE and Filtering. You should know how to use a WHERE clause and the filtering methods (operators) to choose what items you want a query to retrieve, change, or delete.
• UPDATE. UPDATE statements let you change the contents of records in a database. You will need to know how to use an UPDATE statement.
• DELETE. A DELETE statement removes a record from a database. This is an essential statement to know about.
• Aggregate Functions. You should know how to use the COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, and AVG functions to retrieve information about the data in a database. You will also need to know how to use the GROUP BY statement with aggregate functions.
• IN and BETWEEN. You will need to know how to use the IN and BETWEEN statements to retrieve records in a particular dataset or between a range.
• Aliases. Aliases make queries easier to read, when used properly. You should feel comfortable using an alias to assign temporary names to tables in a database when you are writing a query.

After you have learned these concepts, you will be on your way to becoming an SQL expert.

How Long Does It Take to Learn SQL?

You can start writing basic SQL statements within an hour or so of starting to study. To master the basics, you should expect to spend about a month studying, assuming you devote one hour a day in that time. If you want to become a professional developer in a field that uses SQL, you will probably need to study for a few months before you will be ready for an entry-level job that requires SQL knowledge.

Should I Learn SQL?

If you want to work in a position that is focused on data — whether that means administering databases or analyzing datasets — having a knowledge of SQL is essential. SQL knowledge is also a requirement in many back-end and full-stack web developer roles, where you will use SQL to store information from web apps.

It will not take you long to learn the basics and with the right investment of time you should have no trouble becoming an expert SQL developer. Your studying will not go unrewarded: the jobs in which SQL is heavily used all pay well. If you see yourself working with data in your career, consider spending some time learning SQL.

The post How to Learn SQL appeared first on Job Training Hub.

Learning React is easier if you know where to start and where to go to learn the language. That is why we have written this guide. We want to help you get started on your React learning journey and find the resources you need to thrive. In this guide, you’ll find a range of resources and information about how React can help you in your career.

What is React?

React is a front end web development framework built with JavaScript. React was built by Facebook and released in May 2013. The React framework is based upon components, which are small pieces of code that can be bundled together to create a web page. Components introduce a logical architecture to a website and make creating front ends easier for developers.

The React language uses the principle “learn once, write anywhere.” This benefit speaks to how React can be used with your existing web code, like HTML and CSS, without any interference. You can even use React with the framework React Native to turn your React website into a fully-functional mobile application.

Jobs that Require React Skills

React skills are most commonly used in front end web development. React is a front end web development framework. With that in mind, you may also encounter React in full stack and backend web development. But React will not be used on every engineering team because every business and project has its own tech stack.

Full stack developers operate on both the front end and the backend, so they are likely to use React if the project on which they are working uses React. Backend web developers will not spend much time on the front end but it is useful to have a good understanding of front end technologies anyway. If a backend web developer is building the backend for an app powered by React, they may find themselves occasionally looking at the front end React code.

What Companies Use React?

Although React is only seven years old, many prominent companies are using the technology. The companies that use React range from social networks and streaming sites to online shopping websites.

Here are a few companies that use React:

• Coursera
• Robinhood
• Slack
• LinkedIn
• The New York Times
• Tinder
• Instagram
• Facebook
• Amazon

The above companies are only some of the top businesses that use React; plenty more businesses use it in some way. If you end up pursuing a career in front end web development, you will easily find companies that need your React skills. 

Salary for React Developers

Most companies employ React developers under the title “front end developer.” According to Glassdoor, the average salary for a front end developer is $76,929 per year. Not all of the positions taken into account to calculate that salary will require React as a skill, however.

It is possible to earn much higher salaries as you refine your web development skills. Senior front end developers earn an average of $103,344 per year according to Glassdoor, which is significantly more than the salary for regular front end developers.

What Skills Do I Need to Master React

You will need a good understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in order to learn React. This means you should feel comfortable writing web pages using all of these languages. React is a framework built with JavaScript and, on a day-to-day basis, you will use React, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You should not start learning about React until you feel comfortable with JavaScript.

A good understanding of the web and how web applications are built in professional environments is useful, too. However, you can pick this knowledge up as you learn React.

Where to Learn React

There are many courses and books online to learn React. Some courses cost money whereas others are free. To get you started using React, we have compiled a list of some top React courses that you may want to consider.

React Tutorial for Beginners [React js]

• Author: Programming with Mosh (YouTube channel)
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Video

In this video, which lasts almost two and a half hours, you will learn how to build a web application using React. This video starts with the basics: what React is and how you can set up your first application. You will then gradually move on to learn all of the main features of React, from writing components and rendering lists to using props and state.

The author of this course teaches from his code editor and browser. This means you can easily follow along. You can always pause the video at any time if you need to read over the code the instructor is discussing. Each section is marked so you can easily navigate to the place in the video you want to visit. 

React for Beginners

• Author: Wes Bos
• Price: Free (paid version available)
• Type of resource: Course

This course, which has been taken by over 33,000 people, is taught by a professional web development instructor. In this course, you will learn how to build a React application from scratch. It covers topics like components, using JSX, managing application state, deploying your website to a service like Netlify, and more.

This course is split up into several videos and contains about five hours of material. Its short length means you can reasonably pick up the basics of React within about a week, assuming you study for an hour or so a day.

React Fundamentals

• Author: James K. Nelson
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

There are a lot of buzzwords commonly associated with React. If you are a beginner, you want to cut through the noise and focus on the basics. That is exactly what this course achieves. In this course, you will focus solely on working with React, not other frameworks used with React.

This course is designed to help you learn by writing your own code. There are interactive exercises for you to complete in your browser and two main projects that you will build.

The Beginner’s Guide to React

• Author: Kent C. Dodds
• Price: Free
• Type of resource: Course

Taught over 28 lessons, this course is a basic introduction to React. You will learn what React is, its fundamental tenets, and why professionals use it. The course features almost two and a half hours of material, split up into individual tutorials so you can easily navigate to the concepts you want to learn.

The Road to Learn React

• Author: Robin Wieruch
• Price: $49.00
• Type of resource: eBook

This book teaches what you need to know to use React effectively. You will start by learning the fundamentals of React and setting up your development environment. Later in the book, you will learn about testing and organizing your code and writing more advanced components.

This book is designed to take you from zero to proficiency. The book accomplishes this not only through written content but also interactive exercises and over 300 code snippets designed to illustrate key React concepts.

React Tutorials

There are many written React tutorials on the Internet that you can follow to learn more about coding in React. We have done some research and found a few in-depth React tutorials that you may be interested in looking at as you start learning React.

Official React Tutorial

The official React tutorial, which is on the main React website, is perfect for beginners. The tutorial walks you through how to build an interactive tic-tac-toe game with React. You will start by setting up your development environment and slowly learn about the topics necessary to build your application. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a solid understanding of the main building blocks of the React framework.

React Tutorial

This website is an interactive learning environment for newbies to React. This course discusses the basics of React through short lessons. You will use the skills you learn to build an online supermarket shopping app with an actual payment function. The tutorial comes with 67 free lessons, after which point you have to pay for a “pro” account.

MDN Understanding Client-side JavaScript Frameworks

The Mozilla Developer Network has written a few tutorials on how to use various JavaScript frameworks, including React. The first React tutorial walks you through how to get started with this framework. Subsequent tutorials discuss how to create a to-do list that meets certain accessibility requirements.

A Guide to Learning React

The best place to start learning React is to download the create-react-app application. This tool, built by Facebook, makes it easy to set up a server for a React website. The tool also creates a basic architecture for your website so you can start writing your React application immediately. But, after you have set up a project, where do you begin?

Here are a few topics you will need to learn about to become proficient with React:

• React architecture: You will need to know what a React app looks like and the main parts of a React application. Having this knowledge is essential before you move on to other features.
• Components: Components are one of the most important features of the React language. You should learn what components are, why they are used, and how to use a component in your application.
• Props: Props lets you pass data between components. You will need to know how to use props to share data between components and show that data in your application.
• State: The React state value keeps track of values that you set. You can also pass the value of the state between components. You should know how to add an item into the state, retrieve an item from the state, and manipulate the state.
• App lifecycle: React applications go through a lifecycle when they render. You need to learn the main parts of this lifecycle and the order in which each event in the lifecycle happens.
• Functional components: Functional components do not have a state. You should learn how to use functional components and how they compare to regular components.
• Constructors: Constructors let you initialize values in your React application. You should learn how to use constructors to set initial values in React’s state.
• Working with lists: Lists use a concept called keys to identify individual items in the list. You should learn how to write lists in React using keys.

These concepts will give you a solid footing in React. There is a lot more to learn but learning about the above topics will get you started. These are the main features of React which you can expect to encounter in almost every React application you build.

How Long Does it Take to Learn React?

You can start writing code in your first React app within minutes if you use the create-react-app tool. But, you will need to study for at least a month to feel comfortable with the basics of React development. Expect to spend three to six months refining your React skills after that, which is essential if you want to become a professional React developer.

Should I Learn React?

React is a modern web development technology, widely used by development teams around the world. Over the last few years, React has proven that it is here to stay. Through continuous updates and great community support, the language has evolved and more learning resources have become available as people who know React have shared their knowledge.

React is a great skill to know if you want to be a front end web developer. Not every company uses React, but enough do that finding a company that needs an employee with React skills is no problem at all. Companies in industries like news media, social media, and the sharing economy all use React.

Spend some time thinking about whether React is worth learning. Try out React for yourself and see if you like the syntax. If you think React will fit in with your career plan or personal interests, go ahead and start learning it.

The post How to Learn React appeared first on Job Training Hub.

How do you learn Angular? That’s a good question. In this learning guide, we’re going to talk about the basics of Angular, what Angular could mean for your career, and where you can go to pick up some Angular development skills.

What is Angular?

Angular, which was released in 2012 by Google, is a development platform built using TypeScript, a program based on JavaScript. Using Angular, developers can manipulate the content of a page. Angular uses the model-view-controller method of programming. A big benefit of Angular is that you can change some parts or your pages without having to change a lot of code to make your pages support the Angular framework.

A big feature of Angular is directives, which let developers control the contents of a web page. Developers can create their own custom directives or use those which are already in Angular such as ng-model. Angular also supports components, like React, which introduces a more modular method of developing web pages. You can use and reuse components anywhere on a page, thus limiting repetition in your code.

Angular, like React, is ready to use out of the box. The Angular environment is easy to set up and as soon as you have installed Angular onto a page you are ready to start using the framework.

Jobs that Require Angular Skills

Angular is a front-end technology. Most people who use Angular are either front-end or full-stack web developers. Both of these job titles involve working a lot with the code that renders the front-end of a website. 

Back-end developers may need to know a bit of Angular in case they need to know exactly how something works on the front-end. But, back-end developers will not use Angular on a day-to-day basis.

What Companies Use Angular?

Companies around the world use the Angular technology to varying degrees. Here are a few companies that use Angular in their technology stacks:

• Google
• Snapchat
• Tinder
• AMazon
• Udemy
• Lyft
• Accenture
• ROBLOX

Angular competes with React, Backbone.js, Vue.js, and other frameworks too. Despite the popularity of these other frameworks, Angular has become a key part of many business’ tech stacks. If you learn Angular, you will have a skill you can use professionally for years to come.

Salary for Angular Developers

If you become an Angular developer, you can reach for a high salary. According to PayScale, the average Angular developer earns $72,248 per year. That is a good amount of money even for a job in technology. Developers in the top 75% earn about $95,000 which shows your Angular knowledge may be worth even more, depending on where you go to work and your seniority within an organization.

What Skills Do I Need to Master Angular

To learn Angular, you will need a strong understanding of JavaScript, the language upon which Angular is built. You should also know a bit about TypeScript, which is the framework Angular is based on. While you may not have to write very complex TypeScript code, this framework will certainly come up in your Angular learning.

In addition, you should feel comfortable with HTML and CSS. This is a given because Angular is a web development technology and all websites must include some HTML (and most sites include CSS, too).

You should also have a legitimate interest in learning Angular. This is not so much of a skill as it is a mindset. If you have not committed to learning Angular, you will find it easy to get distracted from your goal. You need to stay focused on your goal and remember that learning Angular is a journey, not a sprint.

Where to Learn Angular

There are many resources online designed to help budding Angular developers pick up the skills they need to know. Where should you begin learning? We cannot answer that question because everyone has their own learning preferences. But, we can give you some learning resources to check out. Keep reading to find some top Angular learning resources for beginners.

Angular Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Angular & TypeScript

• Author: Programming with Mosh
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

This video will introduce you to coding in ANgular and TypeScript. It walks you through how to create your first Angular and TypeScript application. You will also learn how to use the main features in Angular such as templates, components, and directives.

At the end of the video, you will be given a learning exercise to complete. This exercise will help you practice what you have learned in the course, which is important because the course covers a lot of ground in a short period of time.

Learn Angular – Full Tutorial Course

• Author: freeCodeCamp
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Video

freeCodeCamp is well-known for their full tutorials on various programming languages and technologies. In this 5.5 hour long video, you will learn what you ended to know about coding with Angular. This course covers a lot of topics, from components to lifecycle hooks to decorators.

Later in the course, you will work on building a login app using the knowledge you have acquired. You will then use MongoDB and Node.js to make your Angular login application functional.

Front-End JavaScript Frameworks: Angular

• Author: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

This course teaches the basics of working with TypeScript to develop Angular applications. Lessons are split up into four weeks in which you will learn some beginner Angular concepts such as components, services, and routing.

This course comes with dozens of reading materials you can use to reinforce your knowledge. By the end of this course, you can implement your own single page applications in Angular. You will also graduate with an understanding of the main features of Angular.

Getting Started with Angular 2+

• Author: Ryan Chenkie and Angularcasts (on Udemy)
• Price: Free
• Type of Resource: Course

Over 60,000 students have taken this free course. It walks you through creating a basic Angular application. This course is ideal for people who learn by working through real-world examples rather than reading about theory. You will learn about topics like using the Angular CLI, the main parts of an Angular app, and implementing an interface in Angular.

Angular: Getting Started

• Author: Deborah Kurata (on Pluralsight)
• Price: Pluralsight membership ($29 / month)
• Type of Resource: Course

This course contains almost six hours of video content covering the basics of Angular. In this course, you will learn about components, templates, data binding, dependency injection, and other core features of the Angular technology. 

By the time you complete this course, you should feel comfortable building your own application using Angular.

Angular Tutorials

There are many websites with detailed Angular tutorials. These tutorials are useful if you need to revise a concept or if you prefer to learn by following along with an article rather than a video. We conducted some research online and found some of the best Angular tutorials for beginners. We have listed these tutorials below.

Getting started with Angular

The “Getting started with Angular” tutorial on the official Angular website is a great place to begin your learning journey. The tutorial teaches you how to build an e-commerce site with Angular. In this tutorial, you will learn about the theory behind various Angular concepts as well as how to use that theory in the e-commerce application you build.

There are various other tutorials and best practice references on the Angular website, too, accessible through the sidebar of the Angular documentation.

W3Schools AngularJS Tutorials

W3Schools has a tutorial series on working with Angular. In this tutorial series, you will learn about topics like expressions, models, scopes, and filters. In the traditional W3Schools style, each article contains code snippets and text that gets straight to the point. You will see very little preamble in W3Schools’ tutorials so you can focus on learning what matters most.

Angular University Blog

The Angular University Blog contains detailed tutorials on various aspects of working with Angular, from using the NgRx entity to building custom form validators. Most blog posts last between five and 30 minutes, exploring in detail the topic at hand. Many tutorials include tables of contents which make it easy to see exactly what you will learn in a tutorial before you read further.

A Guide to Learning Angular Basics

To become proficient in Angular, there are quite a few things you need to learn. We have done some research and found the most important fundamental concepts for aspirint Angular developers to know. Once you have learned these concepts, you can move on to more advanced materials.

Here are some most-know concepts for anyone who want to learn Angular:

• Setup. Before you can build features with Angular, you will need to know how to add Angular to a web page.
• Components. Angular uses components which break up code for particular parts of a web page into different parts. You should know how to create, use, and manipulate a component in Angular.
• Directives. Directives add new functionalities to your applications. You should learn how to use the built-in Angular directives and how to create your own.
• Templates. Templates are HTML code which will display as part of a web page. You should feel confident using templates in your code.
• Forms. Angular is often used to build dynamic web forms. You should spend some time learning about how to use Angular to build web forms.
• Testing. How do you make sure your Angular code is functional before your application runs? The answer lies in testing. You should feel comfortable testing your code using Angular’s unit testing protocols.

How Long Does It Take to Learn Angular?

You can learn how to code with Angular in about three months, depending on how much time you devote to learning. This number assumes you learn for an hour a day for those three months. But everyone learns at a different pace. If you want to use Angular in a professional environment, you will need to spend about six month studying the technology first before you are ready for an entry-level job using Angular.

Should I Learn Angular?

Angular is a popular web development technology, used around the world for various sorts of web applications. If you want to become a professional front-end web developer, learning Angular is a good bet because the technology is well-used in professional environments.

Learning Angular will take you some time and there may be frustration down the line, a feeling you should be used to if you have learned any programming technology before. But this frustration will be worth it as Angular developers command strong salaries.

Ask yourself whether you can see yourself developing the front-end of websites. Do you feel like you need to learn a web development framework? Why? If you can answer all of these questions and you are confident Angular is a good choice for you, go ahead and start learning Angular. You will have plenty of company.

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